Double-stranded RNA is a warning flag to the cell, indicating the presence of a virus. In 2004, Takashi Fujita and colleagues at Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science identified an RNA-helicase, retinoic acid inducible gene I (RIG-I), as linking dsRNA and the interferon response. 1 In the same year, Richard Randall at the University of St. Andrews in Scotland and his group revealed that the V protein of paramyxoviruses short-circuits the interferon response by binding mda-5, a similar RNA helicase, not previously linked with interferon production. 2












