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tag horizontal gene transfer cell molecular biology evolution disease medicine developmental biology

DNA molecule.
Finding DNA Tags in AAV Stacks
Mariella Bodemeier Loayza Careaga, PhD | Mar 7, 2024 | 8 min read
Ten years ago, scientists put DNA barcodes in AAV vectors, creating an approach that simplified, expedited, and streamlined AAV screening. 
Different colored cartoon viruses entering holes in a cartoon of a human brain.
A Journey Into the Brain
Danielle Gerhard, PhD | Mar 22, 2024 | 10+ min read
With the help of directed evolution, scientists inch closer to developing viral vectors that can cross the human blood-brain barrier to deliver gene therapy.
A Periodic Table for Biology
John Torday | Jun 20, 2004 | 5 min read
COOPERATIVE CELLS:Courtesy of Michael CarrollThe evolution of complex biologic organisms began with the symbiotic relationship between pro- and eukaryotes (I). This relationship gave rise to mitochondria (II), and the resulting diversity of unicellular organisms (III) led to their metabolic cooperativity (IV) mediated by ligand-receptor interactions and cell-cell signaling. Natural selection generated an increasing complexity (V). Failed homeostatic signaling (VI) recapitulates hylogeny/ontogeny
Illustration showing the upper part of a human body connected to a DNA helix
Unraveling the Mystery of Zombie Genes
Iris Kulbatski, PhD | Oct 31, 2023 | 6 min read
Digging into how and why some genes are resurrected after death sounds morbid, but it has practical applications. 
Guts and Glory
Anna Azvolinsky | Apr 1, 2016 | 9 min read
An open mind and collaborative spirit have taken Hans Clevers on a journey from medicine to developmental biology, gastroenterology, cancer, and stem cells.
A nude (hairless) mouse, typically used in biomedical and drug discovery research methods that rely on immunodeficient mouse strains.
Brush Up: Humanized Mice: More than the Sum of Their Parts
Deanna MacNeil, PhD | Aug 31, 2022 | 5 min read
Scientists study human health in vivo with modified mice that molecularly mimic human biology.
bacteria and DNA molecules on a purple background.
Engineering the Microbiome: CRISPR Leads the Way
Mariella Bodemeier Loayza Careaga, PhD | Mar 15, 2024 | 10+ min read
Scientists have genetically modified isolated microbes for decades. Now, using CRISPR, they intend to target entire microbiomes.
Monoclonal Antibodies Find Utility In Cell Biology
Ricki Lewis | Dec 11, 1994 | 10+ min read
But, just as antibodies are finding increasing utility in cell biology, a new Food and Drug Administration classification for those products with clinical utility may affect researchers' access to the important technology (see accompanying story). Monoclonal History MAbs were born in 1975, when Georges Kohler and Cesar Milstein at the Medical Research Council Laboratories in Cambridge, England, fused two types of cells to form a hy
Monoclonal Antibodies Find Utility In Cell Biology
Ricki Lewis | Dec 11, 1994 | 10+ min read
But, just as antibodies are finding increasing utility in cell biology, a new Food and Drug Administration classification for those products with clinical utility may affect researchers' access to the important technology (see accompanying story). Monoclonal History MAbs were born in 1975, when Georges Kohler and Cesar Milstein at the Medical Research Council Laboratories in Cambridge, England, fused two types of cells to form a hy
How Groups of Cells Cooperate to Build Organs and Organisms
Michael Levin | Sep 1, 2020 | 10+ min read
Understanding biology’s software—the rules that enable great plasticity in how cell collectives generate reliable anatomies—is key to advancing tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.

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