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tag sex differences immunology disease medicine evolution

Sex Differences in Immune Responses to Viral Infection
Catherine Offord | Mar 1, 2021 | 10+ min read
Stronger interferon production, greater T cell activation, and increased susceptibility to autoimmunity are just some of the ways that females seem to differ from males.
Artist&rsquo;s rendition of multiple <em>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</em>, the bacteria that causes gonorrhea, depicted as two spheres stuck together, each covered in tendrils.
Gonorrhea-Blocking Mutation Also Protects Against Alzheimer’s: Study
Holly Barker, PhD | Aug 5, 2022 | 4 min read
Research traces the evolution of a gene variant that reduces the risk of Alzheimer’s disease, finding that it originally evolved in response to infectious bacteria.
A bat flying in a dark cave
Turning on the Bat Signal
Hannah Thomasy, PhD | Mar 15, 2024 | 10+ min read
Scientists around the world investigate how bat immune systems cope with viral attacks and how this information could be used to keep humans safe.
Sex Differences Used to Study Disease
Karen Hopkin | Nov 22, 1998 | 5 min read
Compared to men, women are two to three times more likely to suffer from depression or anxiety disorders, 20 to 70 percent more likely to develop lung cancer from smoking, 10 times more likely to contract HIV during unprotected sex with an infected partner, and twice as likely to die within the first year after a heart attack. Women and men are different--and these differences may lead the way to a better understanding of health and disease in both men and women, says Phyllis Greenberger, exec
An illustration of a pregnant women wearing a mask, surrounded by microbes
How COVID-19 Affects Pregnancy
Amanda Heidt | Aug 16, 2022 | 10 min read
Evidence thus far shows that pregnant people infected with SARS-CoV-2 are at higher risk for severe disease and death, as well as complications in their pregnancies.
person in white jacket putting bandaid on arm of child
Can We Predict How Well Someone Will Respond to a Vaccine?
Natalia Mesa, PhD | Nov 14, 2022 | 7 min read
Researchers find signatures pre- and post-vaccination that correlate with a more robust immune response. 
A person lying on a bed checks the reading on a digital thermometer. A table with a bowl of oranges and various medications is in the background.
How Mild Is Omicron Really?
Dan Robitzski | Jan 14, 2022 | 9 min read
Early reports that Omicron causes less-severe disease than Delta seem to be borne out, but it’s not yet clear to what extent that’s due to the variant itself versus the populations it’s infecting.
Immunological Differences Between Lab Mice and Wild Mice
Diana Kwon | May 5, 2017 | 1 min read
Discrepancies in the populations’ immune systems suggest murine models of immunological disorders possess more limitations than scientists had appreciated.
Sex-based Differences Continue to Mount
Karen Young Kreeger | Feb 17, 2002 | 7 min read
Editor's Note: This is the fourth article in a series on sex-based differences in the biology of males and females. Future articles in the series will cover sex-based differences in drug metabolism and in life expectancy. Lisa Damiani In the 1970s, medical textbooks noted that lupus patients should not get pregnant because it could kill them, recalls physician Michael Lockshin. "I was challenged by a medical student, who had lupus, to show the data to prove that. But it didn't exist and it was a
Artist's rendition of a yellow CAR T cell near a red cancer cell surrounded by red blood cells.
Ten Years On, CAR T Cell Recipient Is Still Cancer-Free
Jef Akst | Feb 3, 2022 | 2 min read
First, the genetically engineered cells became CD8+ killer T cells that wiped out his leukemia. Then they transformed into a stable population of CD4+ helper T cells that continue to circulate in his body.

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