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An illustration of a small number of virus particles on a blurred background.
A New Piece in the HIV Replication Puzzle
A host lipid-modifying enzyme plays a key role in HIV envelope formation, viral maturation, and infectivity. 
A New Piece in the HIV Replication Puzzle
A New Piece in the HIV Replication Puzzle

A host lipid-modifying enzyme plays a key role in HIV envelope formation, viral maturation, and infectivity. 

A host lipid-modifying enzyme plays a key role in HIV envelope formation, viral maturation, and infectivity. 

infectious disease, immunology, microbiology

Rendered image of <em>Chlamydia</em>
How Chlamydia Guards Itself Against the Immune System
Natalia Mesa, PhD | Jan 2, 2023 | 4 min read
The bacterium produces a particular protein that allows it to sneak past the human immune system even while triggering inflammation.
<em>Chlamydia</em> invades a host cell, forms a membrane-bound vacuole, or inclusion, and then modifies the protein composition of the structure&rsquo;s membrane. If immune cells detect <em>Chlamydia</em> before it forms the inclusion, they trigger T cells to produce interferon-&gamma; (IFN-&gamma;), a powerful cytokine. IFN-&gamma; activates the protein mysterin (also called RFN213), which attaches ubiquitin to the inclusion membrane, signaling the cell to destroy the inclusion&rsquo;s contents by dumping them into a lysosome (left). C. trachomatis produces GarD, a protein that integrates into the inclusion membrane itself and somehow prevents mysterin from attaching ubiquitin, allowing the bacterium to evade immune destruction while continuing to multiply and eventually bursting from the cell (right).
Infographic: How Chlamydia Evades Immune Detection
Natalia Mesa, PhD | Jan 2, 2023 | 2 min read
Chlamydia trachomatis, the bacterium that causes chlamydia, hides from the immune system by cloaking itself in the host cell’s membrane then modifying the membrane’s protein composition.
New Strategies in the Battle Against Infectious Diseases
New Strategies in the Battle Against Infectious Diseases
The Scientist Staff | 2 min read
Learn how the latest research into viral and bacterial pathogens advances the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. 
Illustration of viruses represented with different colors overlapping each other.
What Happens When You Catch More than One Virus?
Alejandra Manjarrez, PhD | Dec 7, 2022 | 8 min read
The “tripledemic” shines a spotlight on viral interference, in which one infection can block another.
Image of a white cardboard box with a blue vertical stripe on the left side, the word &ldquo;Apixaban&rdquo; in blue lettering at the bottom, and a depiction of apixaban&rsquo;s molecular structure in black.
Blood Thinner Ineffective for COVID-19 Patients: Study
Dan Robitzski | Nov 28, 2022 | 2 min read
A clinical trial finds that the anticoagulant apixaban, which has been prescribed to help COVID-19 patients recover, is ineffective and in rare instances dangerous.
iStock
The Scientist Speaks - To Conserve and Protect: The Quest for Universal Vaccines
Niki Spahich, PhD | 1 min read
Patrick Wilson discusses the challenges in designing universal vaccines and his work developing one for influenza.
A person in a white shirt activates a nasal spray
Oxford-AstraZeneca Nasal COVID-19 Vaccine Falters in Clinical Trial
Dan Robitzski | Oct 11, 2022 | 2 min read
Researchers say they’re abandoning the project in its current form—one of several that aims to induce what’s known as mucosal immunity against SARS-CoV-2.
A surgical mask next to an open pill bottle that&rsquo;s toppled over, spilling out red capsules meant to represent vitamin D supplements.
Vitamin D Likely Doesn’t Prevent COVID-19, Studies Find
Dan Robitzski | Sep 9, 2022 | 2 min read
The results from two large clinical trials don't support the idea that supplements of the vitamin bolster immune defenses against SARS-CoV-2.
Discover Genetic Influences on the Immune Response
The Genetics Behind Immune Response Variability
The Scientist | 1 min read
Researchers seek genomic clues to understand differences in the immune response to infection.
An illustration of a pregnant women wearing a mask, surrounded by microbes
How COVID-19 Affects Pregnancy
Amanda Heidt | Aug 16, 2022 | 10 min read
Evidence thus far shows that pregnant people infected with SARS-CoV-2 are at higher risk for severe disease and death, as well as complications in their pregnancies.
Isolated Realistic Coronavirus Covid-19 Molecule in a Biological Environment stock photo
Tweak to N Protein Makes Delta Variant More Infectious
Chloe Tenn | Nov 5, 2021 | 2 min read
Using a novel lab technique, researchers identified a mutation that allows the virus to insert more genetic material into host cells.
Understanding COVID’s Long Game
Understanding COVID’s Long Game
The Creative Services Team in collaboration with Cayman Chemical | 1 min read
Floyd Chilton and Thomas Bumol shine light on the pathways that SARS-CoV-2 hijacks to cause disease.
moderna and pfizer vaccine vials
Moderna vs. Pfizer: Is There a “Best” mRNA Vaccine?
Alejandra Manjarrez, PhD | Sep 24, 2021 | 10 min read
Both of the mRNA vaccines available in the US are highly effective against severe COVID-19, but recent studies suggest that Moderna’s elicits a stronger immune response and might be better at preventing breakthrough infections.  
An image depicting where covid affects the body
SARS-CoV-2’s Wide-Ranging Effects on the Body
Diana Kwon | Sep 1, 2021 | 8 min read
Researchers’ painstaking examinations have begun to reveal how the virus wreaks havoc in multiple organs and tissues.
How Infectious Diseases Affect the Brain
The Scientist | 1 min read
From a loss of taste to dementia, infectious agents cause an array of neurological symptoms.
close-up of empty vaccine vials in a factory
The Quest for a Universal Coronavirus Vaccine
Diana Kwon | Jun 29, 2021 | 8 min read
Scientists are on the hunt for a shot that will protect against not only SARS-CoV-2, but other members of its family that may emerge in the future.
An illustration of several human heads wearing masks
Q&A: Human Challenge Studies of COVID-19 Underway in UK
Jef Akst | Jun 18, 2021 | 4 min read
Researchers at Imperial College London and the University of Oxford are exposing healthy volunteers to SARS-CoV-2 for science.
Extreme Biotech: Understanding Extremophile Biology to Impact Human Health
The Scientist | 1 min read
Jaclyn Winter and Shiladitya DasSarma will discuss how they harness the unique biology of extremophiles for the discovery and development of new therapeutics.
mis-c multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children covid-19 coronavirus pandemic sars-cov-2 antibody cardiac inflammation icu intensive care kids infection vomiting abdominal pain diarrhea fever
Most Kids with MIS-C Report Few or No COVID-19 Symptoms: Study
Kerry Grens | Apr 7, 2021 | 2 min read
A review of hundreds of cases finds that only a minority of patients noted being sick with a coronavirus infection prior to developing the severe inflammatory condition.
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