The Pediatric Research Equity Act (PREA) of 2003 requires that companies developing new drugs that could be used to treat a condition in children perform clinical trials in kids before winning FDA approval. The Best Pharmaceuticals for Children Act (
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Vitamin D has a variety of actions in the body. It binds to the vitamin D receptor (VDR), which then binds to the retinoid X receptor (RXR) and activates the expression of numerous genes. Through this mechanism, vitamin D promotes calcium absorption
Normal pancreatic function depends on the precise flow of calcium within and into the acinar cells of the organ. When food is eaten, low concentrations of the pancreas-stimulating hormone cholecystokinin or of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine cause
There are five steps of autophagosome biogenesis: induction, expansion, vesicle completion, fusion, and cargo degradation. While much has been learned over the past few decades about how this process works, the big question that remains is where the
Not all inflammation leads to pain. Despite widespread infection followed by fever, colds rarely cause pain. But when some cytokines and certain immune cells are active near pain-sensing nerves, they trigger receptors that convey pain sensations to t
The unique taste bud patterning in people who have super-charged senses of taste
The tongue may be the epicenter of taste sensation, but taste receptors are scattered throughout the digestive and respiratory tracts.
Researchers are close to finding a receptor directly triggered by fatty acids.
Near the turn of the millennium, James Collins and Stanislas Leibler independently undertook rather similar projects: design what would become synthetic biology’s seminal genetic circuits. And they came up with strikingly similar action plans—use E.
Government and industry are the biggest funders of research, basic and otherwise. Here is how science funding in the US and European Union has shaped up in the past two and a half decades. View a pdf Read the full story.
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