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tag ras genetics genomics

Yeast: An Attractive, Yet Simple Model
Gregory Smutzer | Sep 16, 2001 | 9 min read
Yeast possesses many characteristics that make it especially useful as a model system in the laboratory, including an entirely sequenced genome. Recently, a number of researchers published studies detailing the transition from genome sequencing to functional genomics. Notably, these scientists have developed new high-throughput approaches to the characterization of large numbers of yeast genes. In aggregate, these studies make yeast one of the most well-characterized eukaryotic organisms known.
Finding a Mate
Barbara Cunningham | Apr 1, 2001 | 9 min read
Available Two-hybrid Systems Graphic: Leza BerardoneGenome sequencing has produced a vast supply of proteins in need of a functional identity. One way to identify a protein's function is to identify its interacting partners, because proteins often work in pairs or as part of large complexes. Scientists traditionally have used biophysical or biochemical methods (such as affinity chromatography or co-immunoprecipitation) to study protein-protein interactions. More recently, two-hybrid and phage-d
Detecting Tumors from Shed DNA
Douglas Steinberg | May 13, 2001 | 7 min read
Medical institutions across the United States will begin recruiting volunteers next month for a study that its investigators and outside observers describe as groundbreaking. They say it is the first large-scale trial to test the feasibility of using DNA shed by tumors to find early-stage cancer. During the three-year government-funded project, researchers will analyze DNA from stool samples to detect patterns characteristic of colorectal cancer (CRC). The study will have two other notable fe
Master of the Cell
Judy Lieberman | Apr 1, 2010 | 10+ min read
By Judy Lieberman Master of the Cell RNA interference, with its powerful promise of therapy for many diseases, may also act as a master regulator of most—if not all—cellular processes. RNA silencing. Computer artwork showing a length of RNA (yellow with red rings) bound to an RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). © Medi-Mation Ltd / Photo Researchers, Inc. ne of the biggest surprises in biology in the past d
Methylation: Gene Expression at the Right Place and Right Time
Nadia Halim | Dec 5, 1999 | 7 min read
Courtesy of Richard Roberts, New England BiolabsModel methylation reaction: Cytosine nucleotide (red) is flipped out of the DNA double helix by a methyltransferase (white), so it can be methylated. The end product after the methyl group has been transferred to the DNA is pictured in green. A tenuous link between DNA methylation and development has existed for several years. Now findings substantiate the connection. Researchers have found the first human diseases caused by defects in the DNA meth
The Yeast Two-hybrid Assay
Mark Greener(mgreener@the-scientist.com) | Aug 28, 2005 | 8 min read
No protein is an island.
The Two Body Problem
Laura Defrancesco | Apr 11, 1999 | 10+ min read
Two-Hybrid Systems Studying a biological phenomenon? Which field? Well, it really doesn't matter. Whatever the area of interest, rest assured that protein-protein interactions are somehow, somewhere involved--if not directly, then as part of a structural or regulatory apparatus. Two-hybrid systems, pioneered by Fields and Song,1 are powerful systems for detecting interactions between and among macromolecules. The first systems described were for protein-protein interactions; later, the basic
DNA Chips Enlist in War on Cancer
Douglas Steinberg | Feb 20, 2000 | 10+ min read
Graphic: Cathleen Heard The boy had the classic symptoms of acute leukemia--low blood counts and tumor cells circulating in his bloodstream. But the diagnosis was tentative because the tumor cells looked atypical for leukemia. So doctors extracted RNA from the cells, made cDNAs from the RNA, and incubated the cDNAs with a chip bearing thousands of single-stranded gene fragments on its glass surface. The hybridization pattern suggested, surprisingly, that the boy had a muscle tumor. After confirm
Citation Analysis Identifies 1994's Most-Cited Authors, Hottest Topics
The Scientist Staff | May 28, 1995 | 8 min read
Editor's Note: Since 1993, the newsletter Science Watch has ranked the year's most cited scientists and research papers. Based on records compiled by the Philadelphia-based Institute for Scientific Information (ISI), analysts prepared such rosters for 1994. Researchers are ranked by their number of "hot papers." An article is considered "hot" if it has garnered a substantially greater number of citations, within a two-year period, than other papers in similar disciplines. For instance, the 199
A Sharper Image
Bob Sinclair | Apr 29, 2001 | 10+ min read
Medical miracles abound, yet cancer continues to be a complex and challenging problem. "Cancer" is actually a generic, catchall term for the malignant tumors that are found in well over a hundred different diseases, but the basic concept is simple enough--a gene goes wrong and a tumor grows. Unfortunately, the reality is more complicated, involving an intricate sequence of phenomena and interactions in just a handful of the body's tens-of-trillions of cells. And therein lies the problem for rese

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