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tag sex chromosome immunology microbiology

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Does Biological Sex Influence COVID-19 Outcomes?
Annie Melchor | Nov 2, 2021 | 10 min read
It’s unclear whether differing odds of dying between men and women reflect inherent differences between male and female immune systems or differences rooted in gender norms.
Sex Differences in Immune Responses to Viral Infection
Catherine Offord | Mar 1, 2021 | 10+ min read
Stronger interferon production, greater T cell activation, and increased susceptibility to autoimmunity are just some of the ways that females seem to differ from males.
Articles Alert
Simon Silver | Jan 20, 1991 | 2 min read
SIMON SILVER Department of Microbiology & Immunology University of Illinois Chicago It is not the absence of two X chromosomes that makes for a man rather than a woman. The Y chromosome contains a sex-determining gene (or genes), which functions during testis differentiation. Missense and frame-shift mutations result in XY females. P. Berta, J.R. Hawkins, A.H. Sinclair, A. Taylor, et al., "Genetic evidence equating SRY and the testis-determining factor," Nature, 348, 448-50, 29 November 199
Sex-based Differences Continue to Mount
Karen Young Kreeger | Feb 17, 2002 | 7 min read
Editor's Note: This is the fourth article in a series on sex-based differences in the biology of males and females. Future articles in the series will cover sex-based differences in drug metabolism and in life expectancy. Lisa Damiani In the 1970s, medical textbooks noted that lupus patients should not get pregnant because it could kill them, recalls physician Michael Lockshin. "I was challenged by a medical student, who had lupus, to show the data to prove that. But it didn't exist and it was a
Resistant to Failure
Cristina Luiggi | Feb 28, 2011 | 3 min read
A Duke University researcher survives a sticky situation at a federal research institution to make major strides in determining the genetic roots of Staphylococcus aureus antibiotic resistance.
Those We Lost in 2019
Ashley Yeager | Dec 30, 2019 | 6 min read
The scientific community said goodbye to Sydney Brenner, Paul Greengard, Patricia Bath, and a number of other leading researchers this year.
Notebook
The Scientist Staff | Mar 15, 1998 | 7 min read
POWER EXCHANGE: Molecular biologist James Battey has become the second person to head NIDCD. SECOND GENERATION AT NIDCD Molecular biologist James F. Battey, 45, has been named the new director of the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD) of the National Institutes of Health. Battey, who had been serving as acting director of NIDCD, succeeds the recently retired James B. Snow, Jr. Snow, a former University of Pennsylvania professor of otorhinolaryngology and h
Human Clinical Trials Begin For Cervical Cancer Vaccines
Steve Bunk | Oct 26, 1997 | 6 min read
Efforts are under way to develop a vaccine against one of the world's deadliest illnesses, cervical cancer. Along with a number of university research laboratories, at least a half-dozen biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies are beginning clinical trials or are in preclinical development of such drugs. Efficacy in humans remains to be firmly established, but if the vaccines progress to later-phase trials, challenging jobs for immunologists, microbiologists, and biochemists will multiply. "
AIDS Investigators Cautiously Applauding Recent Advances
Steven Benowitz | Sep 29, 1996 | 10+ min read
Discoveries announced at conference leave scientists feeling optimistic; yet their enthusiasm is tempered by several persistent concerns. AIDS researchers have many reasons to be encouraged. Studies show that treatments combining new and old drugs can control HIV levels in the blood. Moreover, many scientists and activists note, prevention efforts have helped reduce HIV infection rates. Yet the enthusiasm is tempered by several caveats. Drugs are expensive and have harsh side effects, leading
Flow Cytometry: It's Not Just For Immunologists Anymore
James Kling | Jun 22, 1997 | 9 min read
A low-profile child of the '60s, flow cytometry didn't capture the imagination of most researchers until the early 1980s. The decade saw the birth of the AIDS epidemic, and as attention focused on HIV, researchers needed a method to accurately and reproducibly characterize immune cells. Flow cytometry was suddenly thrust into the spotlight. COMPLETE KITS: Bio-Rad’s KINESIS reagent kits for flow cytometry assays A flow cytometer shines one or more lasers on a sample of cells in suspension

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