Scientists have genetically modified isolated microbes for decades. Now, using CRISPR, they intend to target entire microbiomes.

Vaccination has beaten back infections for more than a century. Now, it may be the next big step in battling cancer.

Find the latest updates in this one-stop resource, including efficacy data and side effects of approved shots, as well as progress on new candidates entering human studies.

Efforts are under way to develop a vaccine against one of the world's deadliest illnesses, cervical cancer. Along with a number of university research laboratories, at least a half-dozen biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies are beginning clinical trials or are in preclinical development of such drugs. Efficacy in humans remains to be firmly established, but if the vaccines progress to later-phase trials, challenging jobs for immunologists, microbiologists, and biochemists will multiply. "

Courtesy of Ivan Rayment  CAUGHT IN MID HOP: Structure of the Tn5 transposase/DNA complex No one believed Barbara McClintock in 1951 when she first described DNA that "jumped" from site to site within maize chromosomes, altering the expression of genes near the sites of integration. In due course, these transposable elements, or transposons, were found to be ubiquitous in nature, and 30 years later McClintock won the Nobel Prize. Today transposons have gone from molecular oddity to molec

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