On The Life Sciences Scene

You're invited to take a look at "On Watson And Racism", at

http://www.the-scientist.com/community/posts/list/20/24.page#918

DH

Life, Organisms Origins

A. Our Fishy Origins: "How Tiktaalik got its neck"

http://www.sciencenews.org/view/generic/id/37677/title/How_Tiktaalik_got_its_neck_
The oldest fossil with a neck, Tiktaalik roseae, shows how animals developed a head for living on land.

B. Our way-back genesis,

of course, are life's primal genes, phased serendipitously into organisms from RNA-related oligomeric conformations.

It is the genes, life's prime strata organisms, that have been evolving and evolve. The evolution of genomes, the 2nd stratum of life, and of the 3rd life stratum cellular organisms including ourselves, is an interenhancing development of their genes' evolution. Genomes and organisms evolve and exist for maintaining and enhancing the survivability of the genes...

Dov Henis

(A DH Comment From The 22nd Century)
http://blog.360.yahoo.com/blog-P81pQcU1dLBbHgtjQjxG_Q--?cq=1

The Role Science Plays In Shaping Public Opinion
Science Isn't What It Used To Be

A. From "The News Climate"

http://www.sciencenews.org/view/generic/id/37637/title/The_News_Climate

- "Whether people choose to peruse news ?€” and where ?€” may explain what role science plays in shaping public opinion on global warming."

- "Science is not the end-all. But it makes a sound beginning for informed public policy. If it can be believed. What will scientists and their public voice — journalists — have to do to restore faith in science?"

B. Science isn't what it used to be

Until the end of 2nd WW Science used to be regarded by "people" with respect, awe and trust. It was a banner of a route to better and brighter humanity.

But since the mid 20th century science has been ruthlessly overcome by the Technology Culture, with the cowardly cooperation of the organised "scientists" establishment. Instead of being a banner of hope for the "people" it has become a mirror of the "technology-culture brainwashed people".

C. From "Western Culture Wavers At 2008 Junction"

http://www.physforum.com/index.php?showtopic=14988&st=315&#entry380527

We are facing now a period of several years of painful exposures and treatments of more and more malignant pnenomena of economic-cultural aspects of our societal organisation.

We need a fresh authoritative scientific organization, freed from the hitherto politically correct webs of "spititual realms" and "technologically-applicable-only" cultures.

An Enlightenment course of societal evolution matrixed on rational scientific grounds may become probable and possible if a fresh authoritative scientific organization is established "by and for the people including scientists", in which scientists operate and make editorial decisions on scientific rather than on political grounds.

It is obvious that our culture must undergo a radical change, in nationally considered and planned direction and manner, with national and global security and welfare considerations. Are we up to it?

Dov Henis

(A DH Comment From The 22nd Century)
http://blog.360.yahoo.com/blog-P81pQcU1dLBbHgtjQjxG_Q--?cq=1

Evolution Of Endless Forms?

Verbiage Of Endless Ambiguity

A. "Development puts an end to the evolution of endless forms"

http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2008-10/plos-dpa102108.php

- "the sparseness of variety in nature can be attributed to the interactions between multiple genes and genetic controls involved in the development of organisms – a much simpler explanation than previously suggested"

- "They concluded that "The theory presented in our paper complements the view of 'development' as a key component in the production of endless forms and highlights the crucial role of 'development' in constraining (as well as generating) biotic diversity."

B. Science Must Be Rescued From Its Guilds

http://blog.360.yahoo.com/blog-P81pQcU1dLBbHgtjQjxG_Q--?cq=1&p=401

Science must be rescued from its guilds, its establishment guilds that accept and promote contributions to ambiguity of science and to intoxication by verbiage.

C. Culture is the driver of genetic evolution

http://www.the-scientist.com/community/posts/list/98.page

Culture is a basic biological entity. It is the ubiquitous elaboration- extension of the sensing of and reactions to, by the genome, to the goings-on beyond the outermost membrane of its housing organ, the cell, and of multicelled organisms, to the totality of their outer and inner environments.

The major course of natural selection is not via random mutations followed by survival, but via interdependent, interactive and interenhencing selection of biased genes replication routes at their alternative-splicing-steps junctions, effected by the cultural feedback of the third stratum multicells organism or monocells community to their second and prime strata genome-genes organisms.

D. Culture is the ubiquitous driver of each and all and total universal evolutions

http://www.the-scientist.com/community/posts/list/40/122.page#888

And it is also observable that all evolutions are fueled by culture, culture being the totality of ways of the system's dealing (reaction to, manipulation of, exploitation of) with its environment.

Dov Henis

(A DH Comment From The 22nd Century)
http://blog.360.yahoo.com/blog-P81pQcU1dLBbHgtjQjxG_Q--?cq=1

On Complexity

A. "A frustrating view of complexity"

http://www.sciencenews.org/view/generic/id/38061/title/A_frustrating_view_of_complexity
"The unifying theme of complex systems, a researcher argues, is frustration."

B. All evolutions in the universe are intertwined

http://www.physforum.com/index.php?showtopic=22994&st=0&#entry381577
"Broken Symmetry" Is Physics' Term Of Biology's "Evolution"

http://www.physforum.com/index.php?showtopic=22994&st=0&#entry381757
"A Glimpse Of Forces-Matter-Life Unified Theory"

"All objects and processes and natural laws in the universe, are - since singularity - products of evolution and are themselves continuously further evolving. Everything in the cosmos is fractal, rehappens on many scales, and is continuously evolving. Each and every system in the universe continuously evolves within the total universal evolution and all the systems' evolutions are intertwined."

Dov Henis

(A DH Comment From The 22nd Century)
http://blog.360.yahoo.com/blog-P81pQcU1dLBbHgtjQjxG_Q--?cq=1

You're invited to take a look at "On Watson And Racism", at

http://www.the-scientist.com/community/posts/list/20/24.page#948

DH

You're invited to take a look at "On Watson And Racism", at

http://www.the-scientist.com/community/posts/list/20/24.page#952

Dov Henis

More On Forces-Matter-Life Unified Theory

comparative assessment of intelligence of different phenotypes?

Within a genotype, intelligence is a genetic trait of the individual. It is the capability to assess-adapt. It is the ability to modify cognition-culture in response to variable circumstances-environments.

Culture is a ubiquitous trait, of the inanimate and animate realms, thus intelligence - an element of culture - is a ubiquitous trait.

Approach and method to (comparatively?) (what is it?) assess intelligence of the individuals of cultural phenotypes within a genotype, or to understand and comprehend genotypes' cultures and the intelligence of their individuals, belong in the sphere of the quest for the Forces-Matter-Life Unified Theory.

Cultures are historical cosmic evolutionary entities and the unravelling of the nature of their elements and of their evolution processes is the horizon-goal of the Unified Theory.

Suggesting,

Dov Henis

(A DH Comment From The 22nd Century)
http://blog.360.yahoo.com/blog-P81pQcU1dLBbHgtjQjxG_Q--?cq=1

Life In Unified Theory

Why 'Life' In Forces-Matter-Life Unified Theory

A. From "Science Creed Manifest(SCM)"

http://blog.360.yahoo.com/blog-P81pQcU1dLBbHgtjQjxG_Q--?cq=1&p=142

Humans display a different approach to the scientific study of the nature of life than to the study of anything else. This may be due to an aversion to accept the dismaying realization that we are, after all, just one of the many life forms on Earth (or in our galaxy or the universe?).

A most essential, and uniquely human, ingrained-inherent need is some degree of self-esteem. The mere survival and existence of human individuals and communities of any size is anchored and established on a foundation of self-esteem culture which is neatly a complete creation of humans. Humanity is urgently becoming faced with the vital need to re-formulate its basis of culture, to anchor and build our life edifice on a rational, deeply convincing, moral-ethical-social values.

B. Culture Is A Ubiquitous Trait ("-" from my earlier posts)

- "Culture is a ubiquitous trait, of both the inanimate and animate realms, thus intelligence - an element of culture - is a ubiquitous trait."

- Within the realm of life not only creatures, but also plants, display culture AND intelligence.

- "Broken Symmetry" Is Physics' Term For Biology's "Evolution"

- "And it is also observable that ALL evolutions are fueled by culture, culture being the totality of ways of the system's dealing (reaction to, manipulation of, exploitation of) with its environment."

C. So Why 'Life' In Forces-Matter-Life Unified Theory?

Because life is neither an exception in, nor essentially different from, all other matter. All matter consist of energy and serves as a temporary storage of energy, and so is life.

D. Yet within the 'essential' matterness of life

it is ,of course, observable that life is peculiar in the method and process of reproduction, even though ALL matter undergoes their forms and processes of reproduction, too.

Suggesting,

Dov Henis

(A DH Comment From The 22nd Century)
http://blog.360.yahoo.com/blog-P81pQcU1dLBbHgtjQjxG_Q--?cq=1

Evolution, Culture And Intelligence Of Plants And Bugs

Heat sensors guide insects to a hot meal

http://www.sciencenews.org/view/generic/id/37863/title/Heat_sensors_guide_insects_to_a_hot_meal

Bugs home in on seeds by detecting infrared radiation.

It is likely that the Western white Pine cone’s heat is due in part to biophysics — bigger objects collect heat better than smaller objects — and a cone’s surface tends to reflect radiation. But the warmth may also be metabolic, generated during the activity of seed development, says Takacs.

The findings suggest that infrared detection by insects may be much more widespread than previously thought, and might be found in many of the blood-feeding insects, which seek prey that emanate heat, says Takacs.

Generating heat may convey some benefit to the plant, such as aiding in seed development. The insects are taking advantage of that, says Terry. “There are probably trade-offs going on here, as with most biological systems.”

Fwd by Dov Henis

Rethink Unified Field Theory And Evolution

Please glance at the following four brief essays and then re-read this note.

I humbly suggest that the underlying, essential thought, of these essays deserves your attention:

- Earth's life is an up-phased matter of the inanimate matter, all matter being essentially a format of constrained energy.

- The cosmos is an evolving energy affair consisting of endless intertwined evolutions.

- Culture is a ubiquitous trait of all matter, the driver of Evolution, of all evolutions. This is an extension of Darwin's and Broken Symmetry concepts.

- The further comprehension of Culture and Evolution is the essence of the quest for a Unified Field Theory.

Respectfully yours,

Dov Henis
(A DH Comment From The 22nd Century)
http://blog.360.yahoo.com/blog-P81pQcU1dLBbHgtjQjxG_Q--?cq=1

==========================

(1) On Complexity
http://www.the-scientist.com/community/posts/list/60/122.page#943

(2) "Broken Symmetry" Is Physics' Term Of Biology's "Evolution"
http://www.the-scientist.com/community/posts/list/40/122.page#885

(3) More On Forces-Matter-Life Unified Theory
http://www.the-scientist.com/community/posts/list/60/122.page#957

(4) Why 'Life' In Forces-Matter-Life Unified Theory
http://www.the-scientist.com/community/posts/list/60/122.page#963

Life Monetized Energy, that Fuels Culture, That Drives Evolution.
Evolution Of All Matter Is Fueled By Energy.
What About Keynesian Notes In Economy?

A. At the serendipitous genesis of Earth life

The serendipitous genesis of Earth life, the up-phase of RNA-conformation oligomers into self-replicating genes - constrained energy polymers - was driven and effected by the sun's radiation. This is evidenced by the Circadian rhythm, an innate genes characteristic, inborn due to the energetic conditions during their genesis, when direct sunlight was their only source of energy, available at different times of day in accordance with their location on Earth...

B. Life monetized energy

Genesis was a set-up of a matrix-field of energy with a potential extended between its source, the sun radiation, and the precipitated organisms. Thus started the ongoing formation and maintenance of Earth's biosphere.

And since the genes were thus born they could evolve only along more favorable energetic directions, towards ever higher constrained energy capacitance and stabler components. Survival was the direction, and survival is propagation. After all, Life's genesis was the start of Darwin's evolution. An ever more favorable energetic direction have included, most probably, energetic advantage of homochirality. And chiral homogeneity furnished, most probably, stable self-replication of biopolymers.

Thus Life monetized energy since Life's day one.

C. Energy, capacity of acting or being active, fuels culture

Culture is a basic biological entity. It is the ubiquitous elaboration-extension of the sensing of and reactions, by genes-genome, to the goings-on in and beyond the outermost membrane of their housing, the cell, and of multicelled organisms, to the totality of their outer and inner environments.

These sensings and reactions are enabled by energy, the capacity of acting or being active.

D. Culture drives evolution of all constrained energy items

By plain common sense it is culture, the ubiqitous biological entity, that imprints genetics and drives evolution of Earth life.

And it is culture, the ubiqitous cosmic entity, that imprints the constitution of all matter in the universe.

E. Life, culture, matter and evolution are fueled by energy

And energy, the capacity of acting or being active, is REAL. It is not a virtual reality, an artificial image-environment experienced through human sensory stimuli.

F. What about Keynesian notes in economy?

In the present return to Keynesian steering out of the catastrophic world economy crisis the government is called to stimulate demand through fiscal measures, to effect a balancing act, 'creating' just enough money to cover a 'natural' amount of economic activity, without gliding either towards inflation or unemployment.

This is, in effect, assigning to money and credit in the economy the functional attributes of energy in life's evolution.

However whereas energy, the capacity of acting or being active, is real, money and credit are virtual reality. Their functionality depends on the image-environment experienced through human sensory-imagination stimuli. This smacks of psychology or faith-religion.

So what are the odds that a Keynesian course will steady the rocking boat? The odds are like odds of other things that depend on human reactions-attitudes. This steadying course will be as effective as the conformation of the 'people' with the 'hopeful' reactions-attitudes on which the Keynesian assumption is based...

Dov Henis

(A DH Comment From The 22nd Century)
http://blog.360.yahoo.com/blog-P81pQcU1dLBbHgtjQjxG_Q--?cq=1

Real And Virtual Energy, And Keynesian Salvation Prospects

A. From an earlier post:

In the present return to Keynesian steering out of the catastrophic world economy crisis the government is called to stimulate demand through fiscal measures, to effect a balancing act, 'creating' just enough money to cover a 'natural' amount of economic activity, without gliding either towards inflation or unemployment.

This is, in effect, assigning to money and credit in the economy the functional attributes of energy in life's evolution.

However whereas energy, life's and evolution's monetized currency, the capacity of acting or being active, is real, money and credit are virtual reality. Their functionality depends on the image-environment experienced through human sensory-imagination stimuli. This smacks of psychology or faith-religion.

So what are the odds that a Keynesian course will steady the rocking boat? The odds are like odds of other things that depend on human reactions-attitudes. This steadying course will be as effective as the conformation of the 'people' with the 'hopeful' reactions-attitudes on which the Keynesian assumption is based.

B. Odds of economy's salvation via Keynesian prospects

- Economy's salvation via Keynesian prospects depends on the "people's" reactions-attitudes to sensory-imagination stimuli effected in them by their societal environment.

- The stimuli thus effected depend, in turn, on the cultural constitution of the "people".

- It is difficult, very difficult, to modify human culture by decree or even by revolution. Human culture changes normally by evolution, a slower, more basic, process than by decree or revolution or even - as exposed in the present world economy - than by reaction to a catastrophe. The evidence of this is all around us nowadays in the world stock markets, and in the lobbyings of inflated-bubbled-businesses for public help lest the "people" are hurt by recession due to the collapse of the bubbles.

The present tone of the world's culture, and even ethics, including the banners of a variety of types and shades of greed, has been set by the 20th century Technology Culture. Its essence is the legitimacy and admiration of gaining capital via virtual activities, activities without or beyond production of real assets, real life resources.

So the odds of the economy's salvation via Keynesian prospects are, in the long run, proportional to the odds that the culture of Earth's humanity will evolve towards ever more rational self-organization...which is, how unsurprisingly rational, the odds of every organism to survive...

Dov Henis
(A DH Comment From The 22nd Century)
http://blog.360.yahoo.com/blog-P81pQcU1dLBbHgtjQjxG_Q--?cq=1

Innovative Telltale Sign Announced By Indiana University
And Reported By Royal Society's Science Coverage

A. In "Science Coverage" at

http://royalsociety.org/news.asp?id=8122

"Intelligent humans developed because our female Homo erectus ancestors had wide hips which allowed them to give birth to babies with big brains, according to Indiana University research in Science.
The Daily Telegraph, p18, 1 col
The Independent, p23, 1/2p"

B. Dictionary

Intelligent = revealing or reflecting good judgment or sound thought.

C. Wonderment

To what extent this telltale sign held in regards to the mothers of the above Indiana University researchers and Royal Society's science coverers...

Dov Henis

(A DH Comment From The 22nd Century)
http://blog.360.yahoo.com/blog-P81pQcU1dLBbHgtjQjxG_Q--?cq=1

Organism Replication Is Its Accelerated Re-Genesis-Evolution
Roots Of Sex And Replication

A. Women's chromosome division different from men's

http://www.sciencenews.org/view/generic/id/38528/title/Womens_chromosome_division_different_from_mens
Using fluorescent markers, scientists are discovering that men and women divide chromosomes differently.

B. Replication of organisms, in

http://www.biology.arizona.edu/Cell_BIO/tutorials/pev/main.html

a. RNA Viruses: reproduce in host cells, no growth on artificial media, no division by binary fission, no protein synthesis machinery, not sensitive to antibiotics.

b. Binary fission: the process in which a parent cell splits into two daughter cells of approximately equal size. Simple cell division in single-celled organisms.

c. Prokaryotes: DNA chromosomal ring, plasmid extrachromosomal ring autonomous replication, the plasmids are self-replicating circular molecules of DNA in many bacterial, archaeal, fungal, algal, and plant species.

C. Sex in prokaryotes, bacteria

http://www.biology.arizona.edu/Cell_BIO/tutorials/pev/page2.html

In prokaryotes, bacteria, you can have sex, with males possessing a sexual apparatus for transferring 'genetic information' to receptive females. However, since you are both always going 30 mph it is difficult to find each other. Furthermore, if you are male, nature gave you a severe problem. Every time you mate with a female, she turns into a male. In bacteria, "maleness" is an infective venereal disease. Also, at fairly high frequencies, spontaneous mutations cause you to turn into a female.

Some bacteria have sex pili which are responsible for bacteria recognizing one another and the consequent formation of a conjugation tube which allows the transfer of DNA from a "male" cell to a "female" cell. In this way, recombination occurs and the resulting cell will contain a combination of genes from each parent cell. 'Male' and 'female' are donnor and receiver.

D. Sex: process of recombining genes to form new and unique combinations

- Every organism's replication is an accelerated re-run of its genesis-plus-evolution.

- Male-female divisions and relationships and all sex forms are evolutionary developments of prokaryotes' sex, driven by the need to recombine the genes held in the double-helixed DNA, in order to maintain life on Earth (... within the human body about 3 billion cells die every minute...).

Suggesting,

Dov Henis

(A DH Comment From The 22nd Century)
http://blog.360.yahoo.com/blog-P81pQcU1dLBbHgtjQjxG_Q--?cq=1

Driving Force Of Polyandry

A. "Research sheds light on benefits of multiple mates"

http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2008-11/uoe-rsl111908.php

"Females of most species, including many mammals, mate with multiple partners. The driving forces for this practice, known as 'polyandry', have been a mystery for evolutionary biologists for decades."

B. The driving force of polyandry is NOT a mystery

http://www.the-scientist.com/community/posts/list/60/122.page#1067

- Sex: process of recombining genes to form new and unique combinations.

- Look at sex in prokaryotes, bacteria. It has already a stable DNA genome, stabler than its genes' earlier RNA. Now to form new and unique genes combinations the DNA's double-helix must be opened.

- 'Male' and 'female' are donnor and receiver. As male mates with a female, she turns into a male. In bacteria, "maleness" is an infective venereal disease. I conjecture that there, in the prokaryotes, the female's chromosome division already differs from male's, that therein lies the root of polyandry.

- And therein lies also the root of single-cells-community culture. At fairly high frequencies, mandated by the environmental circumstances of the community, 'spontaneous' mutations cause a cell to turn into a female.

- Farthest back in time genetic decisions were made by independent individual genes. As genes formed multi-genes cooperative genomes, individual genes' decisions are either vetoed or approved by the genome's membership. As cells formed communities and/or multi-celled organisms the solicitation for decisions was fowarded by a process of information feed-back from beyond and/or within the outer-cell-membranes' environments. But this leads us to another subject, i.e. to Culture...

Suggesting,

Dov Henis

(A DH Comment From The 22nd Century)
http://blog.360.yahoo.com/blog-P81pQcU1dLBbHgtjQjxG_Q--?cq=1

Predicting Chronological And Physiological Age Is Complicated

A. "Biomarkers To Predict Chronological And Physiological Age"
http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2008-11/bifa-but111208.php

Research purpose: "This technology may provide means of testing anti-aging drugs". "Examining biomarkers over time would provide a scientific baseline for clinical trials of anti-aging medicines, currently impossible to determine given the lengthy lifetime of human beings."

B. I reckon that this refers to physiological, not chronological, anti-aging medicines

Age =

1. chronological duration of the existence of an organism or object, or

2. the measure of an attribute of an organism or object relative to the chronological age of their "average normal individual".

Commonsensically age is determined by rate of degradation, and aging in multicellular organisms is much more complex that in monocel organisms, as there are so many more components in the total system that undergo deterioration and degradation.

In most multicellular eukaryotes, telomerase, the enzyme that elongates chromosomes, is only active in germ cells.

telomere = either of the repetitive DNA sequences occurring at the termini of each chromosome in linear chromosomes of most eukaryotic organisms and of few prokaryotes. Yes, it has shown up historically way back in some linear-chromosomed prokaryotes.

C. Yeast, worms and people may age by similar mechanisms since genes are organisms and age, too

"Intestinal Stem Cells Go Awry In Elderly"
http://www.the-scientist.com/community/posts/list/40/122.page#900

Dov Henis

(A DH Comment From The 22nd Century)
http://blog.360.yahoo.com/blog-P81pQcU1dLBbHgtjQjxG_Q--?cq=1

Life's Manifest
http://www.the-scientist.com/community/posts/list/112.page#578

Order In Life's Complexity

A. Two related science research reports

1. Sequencing the dead to learn its evolution history
http://www.sciencenews.org/view/feature/id/38729/title/Sequencing_the_dead_to_save_the_living
Reviving ancient genomes of long-extinct creatures offers a window into past extinctions.

and

2. No gene is an island
http://www.sciencenews.org/view/feature/id/38750/title/No_gene_is_an_island
Even as biologists catalog the discrete parts of life forms, an emerging picture reveals that life's functions arise from interconnectedness.

B. Genetics research may consider introduction of some order in life's complexity

1. Life's Manifest
http://www.the-scientist.com/community/posts/list/112.page#578
The nature and drive of life, and genes and genomes are organisms.

2. How Decisions Are Made Within The OCM (outer cell membrane)
http://www.the-scientist.com/community/posts/list/122.page#373

The genome behaves not as being presided by a decider PG, a President Gene, but by innate complete credence to each and every member of the cooperative genome commune of its genes membership, thus accepting a priori the decision of the individual member, but But BUt BUT coupling this with a very elaborate system of crisscross checklisting of this decision by other members of the genome.

Suggesting respectfully,

Dov Henis

(A DH Comment From The 22nd Century)
http://blog.360.yahoo.com/blog-P81pQcU1dLBbHgtjQjxG_Q--?cq=1

Free Will And Culture

A. From "The decider"
http://www.sciencenews.org/view/feature/id/38753/title/The_decider
Informing the debate over the reality of "free will" requires learning something about the lateral habenula...

- The lateral habenula is a neural enclave in the brain. “There’s lots of new research showing that an overactive habenula has behavioral effects,” says neuropharmacologist Martine Mirrione.

- "Perhaps,” write neuroscientists Alireza Soltani and Xiao-Jing Wang, “we are entering a new period of consilience between the science of the brain and the science of the mind.”

- "For free will, the issue is understanding the complex circulation of molecular information that is messaged and manipulated at various stations by neural systems tuned to multiple decision-making considerations. That process is free will, even if it isn’t really free. So deciding whether the will is free turns out to be circular, although perhaps not viciously, like some of those fights in The Matrix."

B. "Free will" and "Culture"

- A consilience between the science of an organism's brain and the science of its mind sounds like a consilience between the science of the computer's hardware and the science of its software.

- Organisms are neither an exception in, nor essentially different from, all other matter. All matter consist of energy and serves as a temporary storage of energy, and so are organisms.

- http://www.physforum.com/index.php?showtopic=14988&st=195&#entry333405
Teleology governs all nature's systems, both living and nonliving. It is universal. All natural facts and processes exist and evolve towards the telos, the end, the next phase of the endless evolution.

- ALL cosmic evolutions are directed by culture, culture being the totality of ways of the system's dealing (reaction to, manipulation of, exploitation of) with its environment.

- The purpose and route of OUR life and their promotion are OURS to formulate and set. They derive solely from our cognition.

- And within the ordained teleological destination of our temporary existence our culture is the expression of our limited opportunity and capability to exercise some degree of free will.

Dov Henis

(A DH Comment From The 22nd Century)
http://blog.360.yahoo.com/blog-P81pQcU1dLBbHgtjQjxG_Q--?cq=1

Mammoth-Elephant And Human-Chimp

A. From "Mammoth genome approaching completion"

http://www.sciencenews.org/view/generic/id/38707/title/Mammoth_genome_approaching_completion
Genetic material extracted from the hair of woolly mammoths has revealed new information about the extinct creatures, including how closely related they are to modern elephants.

So far, the estimated overlap between the mammoth genome and that of the African elephant is about 99.4 percent...the two species last had a common ancestor about 7.6 million years ago... the rate of genetic change in elephants and their kin is about half that seen in humans and their kin during the same period...Humans and chimps last shared a common ancestor about 7 million years ago, and the genomes of these two species differ by about 1.24 percent...

B. See the brief "Seed of Human-Chimp Genomes Diversity" at

http://blog.360.yahoo.com/blog-P81pQcU1dLBbHgtjQjxG_Q--?cq=1&p=179

A guaranteed eye-opener for this matter...

Dov Henis

(A DH Comment From The 22nd Century)
http://blog.360.yahoo.com/blog-P81pQcU1dLBbHgtjQjxG_Q--?cq=1