CONTENTS

April 2009

Gene expression studies are lending support to a new, somewhat counterintuitive hypothesis for why every animal sleeps. KELLY RAE CHI visits the University of Wisconsin-Madison, where scientists are gathering evidence suggesting that we need sleep to prune back synapses, which tend to increase in strength throughout the day.

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Why sleep?

Gears of the sleep clock

Synaptic proteins in sea sponge

Slideshow: Exploring a hypothesis

When people have trouble sleeping—such as, in extreme cases, shift workers—those problems are not always rooted in disturbances in circadian rhythm, argues the University of Pennsylvania's ALLAN PACK. Instead, his studies of sleep have shown that the master clock is only one player in the molecular control of sleep.

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Why sleep?

Disappearing before dawn

Unlocking the clock

Video: John Zimmerman talking about sleep

More than 60 individuals have been blackballed by the FDA for forging clinical trial data, passing off a prescription—only product as a botanical, and bilking investors out of millions—and that's just a few of the offenses. BOB GRANT introduces us to some of the worst offenders.

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Fixing Fraud

Misconduct from NIH postdoc

Making Ethics Fit

CONTRIBUTORS

MAIL

EDITORIAL

Why sleep? Many ask, but few answer. We present two of science's most intriguing theories.
RICHARD GALLAGHER

COLUMNS

Why Don't We Share Data? There are so, so many reasons—and they make a lot of sense.
STEVEN WILEY

Sexual Politics and Science: Two Predicaments A Matter of Conscience
ALEXANDER McPHERSON

Opportunity Denied
MAY C. MORRIS

Notebook

Stem cell rat race; Septic sperm; Working modeler; Of beetles and bacteria; Will work for steak

FOUNDATIONS

Recombinant DNA Fermenter, circa 1977

PROFILES

Fired Up Besides hobnobbing with musical greats as an electric guitarist, Len Kaczmarek has fine-tuned the picture of how phosphorylation can alter neurons' electrical properties.
KAREN HOPKIN

Scientist to Watch: Mike Axtell The curious gardener
EDYTA ZIELINSKA

BIOBUSINESS: Supersize my Pipeline Will Exelixis's novel approach pay off in the current economic climate?
EDYTA ZIELINSKA

THE LITERATURE

Hot paper: Cancer's culprit Breast cancer's genetic profile calls the cancer stem cell hypothesis into question
ELIE DOLGIN

Hot paper in Infectious Proteins: Prompting Prions

Hot paper in Plant Biology: Communicating with chloroplasts

Hot paper in RNA Biology: Targeting tumors

LAB TOOLS

Pulling Out Proteins Troubleshooting discovery and validation of protein biomarkers for cancer; Eliminating Amylase; Lit Probe; Niche Finder ; Searching Low; Membrane Proteins
KELLY RAE CHI

CAREERS

Finding New Money In tough times, researchers have to look outside of government funding. Here are lesser-known sources, and tips on how to get your hands on them.
CAROL MILANO