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Retinoic acid may control germ cells
Charles Choi | Mar 30, 2006 | 3 min read
Studies in Science and PNAS may overturn dogma of genetically programmed fates for gonadal cells
Courts Cast Clouds Over PCR Pricing
Aileen Constans | Sep 2, 2001 | 9 min read
The polymerase chain reaction (PCR)--a technique invented by Kary Mullis in 1983, published in 1986,1 and the subject of the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1993--can well be described as one of the most important technical advances of modern molecular biology. How much researchers have to pay to use the technology, however, is now largely in the hands of US and European courts that are deciding who controls patents on a critical enzyme that, in simplistic terms, amounts to the P in PCR. Basel, Swi
Inner Sanctum
Jeanne Mcadara | May 28, 2000 | 9 min read
Reagents for Nuclear Hormone Receptor Research Courtesy of Karo Bio ABEffect of an agonist (red spheres) or agonist/antagonist (green spheres) on the C terminal helix of the ligand binding domain of the estrogen receptor The survival of a living system depends on its ability to communicate with and respond to its surroundings. Even the simplest unicellular organism has surface molecules for assessing the external environment. Evolution of complex life forms required intricate methods for respo
Coupling In Vitro Transcription and Translation
Amy Adams | Oct 19, 2003 | 9 min read
Click for larger version of in vitro transcription/translation diagrams (57K) Cells are, at a fundamental level, protein-production facilities. So naturally, when researchers need to make some particular protein, they should let the cells do the work for them. But living cells are not terribly good at making exogenous proteins; some proteins are toxic, while others are degraded or simply clumped into insoluble aggregates called inclusion bodies. These days, scientists sometimes take a minima
MALDI-TOF Goes Mainstream: Laser Desorption Mass Spectrometers For Multisample Analysis
Bob Sinclair | Jun 6, 1999 | 9 min read
MALDI-TOF Table Micromass' laser-addressable sample array target for MALDI Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry has become, in recent years, a tool of choice for large-molecule analyses, especially for proteins. Published applications address protein and nucleic acid sequence, structure, purity, heterogeneity, cleavage, posttranslational modification, and a host of other molecular characteristics that are often difficult to study
ChIP-ing Away at a Proteomics Bottleneck
Jeffrey Perkel | Sep 7, 2003 | 4 min read
Courtesy of Andrew Gooley, Proteome Systems Among proteomics techniques, protein microarrays may be getting a lot of buzz these days, but two-dimensional gels still do most of the work. That's because protein arrays present a number of technical challenges that have limited their implementation.1 Proteins vary wildly in stability, solubility, viscosity, and ease of synthesis, for instance. And, the in vitro translated proteins generally used to construct protein biochips often lack the wide d
A PCR Primer
Aileen Constans | Jun 10, 2001 | 10 min read
PCR Enhancement Products Courtesy of RedasoftRedasoft's Visual Cloning 2000 includes primer design tools. Courtesy of Sigma-AldrichDirect loading of PCR products onto an agarose gel using Sigma-Aldrich's REDTaq. The art of PCR isn't hard to master. An abundance of products, ranging from relatively low-cost reagents to sophisticated optimization software, exists to meet most, if not all, PCR challenges. This profile looks at commonly used additives, PCR optimization kits and protocols, softwar
Molecular Parasitology: A Decade Of Detailed Study Begins To Pay Off
Karen Young Kreeger | Apr 28, 1996 | 9 min read
Begins To Pay Off Parasites evoke a gut reaction, both literally and figuratively. The synonyms for the worms, insects, and protozoans that survive off the life force of other animals are skin-crawling and stomach-churning: bloodsuckers and leeches, to name a few. And it's not by accident that these words evoke such feelings. Once they are firmly ensconced in various viscera, internal parasites produce a range of debilitating and deadly symptoms. Such conditions are more than metaphorical for
Yeast: An Attractive, Yet Simple Model
Gregory Smutzer | Sep 16, 2001 | 9 min read
Yeast possesses many characteristics that make it especially useful as a model system in the laboratory, including an entirely sequenced genome. Recently, a number of researchers published studies detailing the transition from genome sequencing to functional genomics. Notably, these scientists have developed new high-throughput approaches to the characterization of large numbers of yeast genes. In aggregate, these studies make yeast one of the most well-characterized eukaryotic organisms known.

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