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X-ray crystallography of penicillin
Crystal-Clear Penicillin, 1945
Political activist and Nobel winner Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin pioneered X-ray crystallography to discover the molecular structures of penicillin and insulin.
Crystal-Clear Penicillin, 1945
Crystal-Clear Penicillin, 1945

Political activist and Nobel winner Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin pioneered X-ray crystallography to discover the molecular structures of penicillin and insulin.

Political activist and Nobel winner Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin pioneered X-ray crystallography to discover the molecular structures of penicillin and insulin.

history, microbiology

white squiggles on black background
Opinion: Manuscripts and Art Support Archaeological Evidence that Syphilis Was in Europe Long Before Explorers Could Have Brought It Home from the Americas
Marylynn Salmon, The Conversation | Jul 13, 2022 | 5 min read
Multiple lines of evidence contradict the idea that the disease came to Europe via trans-Atlantic exchange.
Black and white photo of excavation<br><br>
Black Death Likely Originated in Central Asia
Andy Carstens | Jun 15, 2022 | 5 min read
Genetic testing of people who died in Kyrgyzstan eight years before plague reached Europe reveals an ancient strain of the bacterium Yersinia pestis.
two black-and-white microscope images, one with a few black dots, the other with many rod-shaped bacteria
Identifying a Killer, 1895
Catherine Offord | Jul 1, 2021 | 4 min read
A contaminated ham put bacteriologist Émile Pierre-Marie van Ermengem on the path to discovering the microbe that produces botulinum toxin.
Calcite crystals covered in small grains of pyrite, with pincers
Signs of Ancient Microbial Life Abundant in Earth’s Crust: Study
Catherine Offord | Jun 3, 2021 | 5 min read
Researchers report chemical and molecular signatures of microbial activity from millions of years ago in mineral samples from abandoned mines in Sweden and nearby countries.
a large campus building, Frederick Douglass Memorial Hall at Howard University
Leader of the Pack, 1903–1994
Lisa Winter | Jun 1, 2021 | 3 min read
Ruth Ella Moore had a trailblazing career, overcoming barriers of racism and sexism as she pursued her interest in microbiology.
Microbes Find Their Niche in Underwater Shipwrecks
Jef Akst | Nov 1, 2020 | 5 min read
Early investigations of the microbial communities in and around sunken boats reveal that there are patterns to where bacteria settle.
Looking Back, Looking Ahead
Bob Grant | Aug 10, 2020 | 4 min read
Although modern society seems to be unwilling or unable to learn from the past, doing so just might hold the key to envisioning a brighter future.
Human coronavirus discoveries
Timeline: Human Coronavirus Discoveries
Shawna Williams | Jun 4, 2020 | 1 min read
Download our poster of the biggest milestones, from the discovery of the viral family in humans in the 1960s to the identification of SARS-CoV-2.
gold spots on a blue background
A Brief History of Human Coronaviruses
Shawna Williams | Jun 2, 2020 | 5 min read
Milder, cold-causing members of this pathogenic viral family long remained under the radar, although they aren’t entirely harmless.
egyptian bread and beer making vessels
Image of the Day: Baked with Ancient Yeast
Nicoletta Lanese | Aug 22, 2019 | 2 min read
Scientists extracted 4,500-year-old yeast from Egyptian pottery to use in breadmaking.
Bacillus
Could Manipulating the Microbiome of Artworks Prevent Their Decay?
Ashley Yeager | Jun 1, 2019 | 4 min read
Treating the microbial community residing on a painting with probiotics may offer a way to stave off biodegradation, a study suggests.
Rethinking Raw Milk, 1918
Ashley Yeager | Dec 1, 2018 | 3 min read
Bacteriologist Alice Evans identified the pathogen that causes undulant fever, leading her to push for the pasteurization of milk.
Discovery of the Malaria Parasite, 1880
Shawna Williams | Sep 1, 2017 | 2 min read
Most didn’t believe French doctor Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran when he said he’d spotted the causative agent of the disease—and that it was an animal.
First Micrographs of Myxobacteria Forming Fruiting Bodies
Tracy Vence | Aug 1, 2016 | 3 min read
By ditching traditional agar-based media, two biochemists captured iconic images of Myxococcus in 1982.
Origins of Dysentery
Bob Grant | Mar 21, 2016 | 2 min read
A new genomic analysis reveals that the pathogen responsible for the gastrointestinal disease likely originated in Europe and hitched a ride to new lands with settlers.
Cave Dwellers, 1938
Anna Azvolinsky | Mar 1, 2016 | 3 min read
Renowned sleep researcher Nathaniel Kleitman and a colleague spent a month underground to test the body’s natural rhythms.
A Cellar’s Cellular Treasure, 1992
Jyoti Madhusoodanan | Dec 1, 2014 | 3 min read
A spring cleaning led to the rediscovery of Theodor Boveri’s microscope slides, presumed lost during World War II.
Trading Pelts for Pestilence
Jef Akst | Jul 1, 2011 | 3 min read
When European explorers and fishermen began to frequent Canada’s shores in the 16th century, they brought with them a plethora of tools and trinkets, including knives, axes, kettles, and blankets. 
One-Man NIH, 1887
Cristina Luiggi | Jun 4, 2011 | 2 min read
As epidemics swept across the United States in the 19th century, the US government recognized the pressing need for a national lab dedicated to the study of infectious disease. 
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