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tag sex differences cell molecular biology immunology

illustration of people of different genders and races
Does Biological Sex Influence COVID-19 Outcomes?
Annie Melchor | Nov 2, 2021 | 10 min read
It’s unclear whether differing odds of dying between men and women reflect inherent differences between male and female immune systems or differences rooted in gender norms.
DNA molecule.
Finding DNA Tags in AAV Stacks
Mariella Bodemeier Loayza Careaga, PhD | Mar 7, 2024 | 8 min read
Ten years ago, scientists put DNA barcodes in AAV vectors, creating an approach that simplified, expedited, and streamlined AAV screening. 
Microfluidics: Biology’s Liquid Revolution
Laura Tran, PhD | Feb 26, 2024 | 8 min read
Microfluidic systems redefined biology by providing platforms that handle small fluid volumes, catalyzing advancements in cellular and molecular studies.
Sex Differences in Pain Pathway
Amanda B. Keener | Jun 29, 2015 | 4 min read
Male and female mice utilize different immune cells to process pain, a study shows.
Sex Differences in Immune Responses to Viral Infection
Catherine Offord | Mar 1, 2021 | 10+ min read
Stronger interferon production, greater T cell activation, and increased susceptibility to autoimmunity are just some of the ways that females seem to differ from males.
Microscopic image of a live amoeba.
Illuminating Specimens Through Live Cell Imaging
Charlene Lancaster, PhD | Mar 14, 2024 | 8 min read
Live cell imaging is a powerful microscopy technique employed by scientists to monitor molecular processes and cellular behavior in real time.
Woman massaging pain in her left wrist.
The Extra X: How the Sex Chromosome Affects Autoimmunity Risk
Kamal Nahas, PhD | Sep 19, 2023 | 4 min read
What underlies the uneven burden of autoimmunity between the sexes has remained a mystery. Now, scientists found clues by turning to a key player on the X chromosome.
Green and red fluorescent proteins in a zebrafish outline the animal’s vasculature in red and lymphatic system in green in a fluorescent image. Where the two overlap along the bottom of the animal is yellow.
Serendipity, Happenstance, and Luck: The Making of a Molecular Tool
Shelby Bradford, PhD | Dec 4, 2023 | 10+ min read
The common fluorescent marker GFP traveled a long road to take its popular place in molecular biology today.
Infographic: How SARS-CoV-2 Immune Responses May Differ by Sex
Catherine Offord | Mar 1, 2021 | 2 min read
Males and females show differences in gene expression, cell activation, and antibody production in response to some viral infections, but whether these influence COVID-19 outcomes is still unclear.
A bat flying in a dark cave
Turning on the Bat Signal
Hannah Thomasy, PhD | Mar 15, 2024 | 10+ min read
Scientists around the world investigate how bat immune systems cope with viral attacks and how this information could be used to keep humans safe.

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