Variations in the size of olfactory and respiratory turbinals: The amphibious rodent (Myocastor coypus, upper left) has small olfactory turbinals (yellow) and large respiratory turbinals (purple) compared to the terrestrial rodent (Proechimys guyannesis, upper right). The terrestrial rodent also acquired new turbinal bones (red) during evolution. Similarly, the amphibious mole (Desmana moschata, lower left) has smaller olfactory turbinals (yellow) and larger turbinals for heat conservation (purple) than the subterranean mole (Talpa europaea, lower right).
Martinez, Q., Clavel, J., Esselstyn, J.A., Achmadi, A.S., Grohé, C., Pirot, N., & Fabre, P.H. (2020). Convergent evolution of olfactory and thermoregulatory capacities in small amphibious mammals. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

Using 3-D CT scanning, researchers analyzed the nasal cavities in 189 skulls from 17 lineages of small amphibious mammals belonging to the Afrosoricida, Eulipothphla, and Rodentia orders, and found signs that a poorer...

The authors write in the paper that the rapid shift between foraging in water and on land resulted in swift morphological changes that allowed the animals “to adapt to new sensorial and physiological environments,” and that their findings suggest that shifting to an “aquatic environment played an important role in the morpho-anatomical shaping of small amphibious mammals.”

Q. Martinez et al., “Convergent evolution of olfactory and thermoregulatory capacities in small amphibious mammals,” PNAS, doi:10.1073/pnas.1917836117, 2020.

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