The mechanism by which a linear sequence of amino acids controls the folding of a protein into its unique three-dimensional structure remains incompletely understood. In April 8 online Nature Structural Biology, Christian Wigley and colleagues from University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, show that a protein sequence can encode the native structure by disfavouring the formation of a misfolded structure.

Wigley et al. observed that a proline residue in the center of the third transmembrane helix of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator promotes correct folding by disfavoring alternate conformations. A genome-wide transmembrane sequence analysis revealed a correlation between certain residues and proline, supporting the generality of this mechanism (Nat Struct Biol 2002, DOI: 10.1038/nsb784).

"Incorporation by nature of such 'negative folding determinants', aimed at preventing the formation of off-pathway structures, represents an additional mechanism by which folding information is encoded within the evolved sequences of...