Dendritic cells (DCs) are stalwarts of the immune response, activating both the innate and acquired immune systems. In the October 26 Science Qian Huang and colleagues at the Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research describe the use of oligonucleotide microarrays to examine how DCs respond to different pathogens (Science 2001, 294:870-875).

They exposed human monocyte-derived DCs to Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli), fungi (Candida albicans) or an RNA virus (influenza virus), and then examined gene expression profiles of around 6,000 genes. They found that 1,330 genes changed upon exposure to at least one of the pathogens. They observed both shared and pathogen-specific changes in gene expression, and classified a common set of 166 regulated genes (the 'core DC response') into functionally related groups.

Huang et al. also noted early changes in genes involved in phagocytosis, cytokine production and the cytoskeleton composition. Later phases were accompanied...

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