The 'Year of the Genome' ended with the publication of a tiny genome, that of the marine chordate Oikopleura dioica. Oikopleura is a small pelagic chordate that measures just 5mm. It is easy to culture and has a short life cycle (2-4 days) and high female fecundity (around 300 oocytes). In 21 December Science, Hee-Chan Seo and colleagues reported the genome sequence of O. dioica (Science 2001, 294:2506).

They used large-scale shotgun sequencing to assemble contigs covering 32.6 Mb. The total genome is estimated to be 65 Mb, making it the smallest chordate genome known. They estimate that the genome contains some 15,000 genes, at a density of one gene every 5 kb; introns and intergenic regions were very short.

The compact nature of this genome may make it an interesting model for future genomic studies.