The regulation of gene expression is achieved by the functional interplay between factors that can remodel compacted chromatin and transcription factors that bind to specific DNA sequences. In the October Genes and Development Kadam et al. use recombinant proteins to show a direct physical interaction between transcription factors and the remodelling machinery in vitro (Genes Dev 2000, 14:2441-2451). Transcriptional regulation of the human β-globin promoter requires both the ELKF erythroid transcription factor and the SWI/SNF chromatin remodelling complex. Kadam et al. show that the ELKF zinc finger DNA-binding domain interacts with two SWI/SNF subunits (BAF155 and the ATPase BRG1). This interaction is necessary and sufficient for targeted chromatin remodelling and transcriptional activation of the β-globin promoter. The selectivity of the SWI/SNF-zinc finger interaction offers a mechanism for regulating specific subsets of genes by the chromatin remodelling machinery.

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