Multi-arm robotic systems are more difficult to control than single-arm systems. An example is the coordination of two arms picking up a long beam from a conveyor and carrying it to another location. The kinematics of this task are discussed.

A. Hemami, F. Ranjbaran, R.M.H. Cheng, "A case study of two-robot-arm workcell material handling," Journal of Robotic Systems, 8, 21-37, February 1991. (Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec)

Computing for the next generation will involve writing and drawing with pens on flat display tablets. A report on one project discusses the major issues and the extent to which the National Physical Laboratory project is accomplishing the goal of developing this interface.

E.R. Brocklehurst, "The NPL electronic paper project," International Journal of Man-Machine Studies, 34, 69-95, January 1991. (National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, England)

In engineering design, as in other complex problems, large volumes of information need to be organized hierarchically, with different versions...