Images: left courtesy of CDC; right courtesy of Dana Johnson/Vanderbilt University Medical Center |
![]() ![]() |
![]() |
In the mid-1950s, AIDS did not exist, chemotherapy was in its infancy, and people with genetic immune deficiencies died. At that time, smallpox was a genuine health threat and vaccinations were required, for some people once every three years. Everyone carried a World Health Organization (WHO)-approved vaccination card with their passports. Parents needed them when their children changed schools.
![]() | ![]() | ||
![]() |
Interested in reading more?

Become a Member of
Receive full access to digital editions of The Scientist, as well as TS Digest, feature stories, more than 35 years of archives, and much more!
Already a member?