ADVERTISEMENT

Login

ADVERTISEMENT

Amazonian Secrets

Watch researchers travel to a cave deep in the Amazon to search for clues about the first humans to populate the Americas.

The Scientist Staff

Sep 1, 2020 | 1 min read

Read the full story.

Related Articles

Close-up shot of sea surface with small waves

The Constellation of Creatures Inhabiting the Ocean Surface

The Constellation of Creatures Inhabiting the Ocean Surface

Slideshow: Meet the Neuston, the Diverse Organisms Living at the Ocean’s Surface

Slideshow: Meet the Neuston, the Diverse Organisms Living at the Ocean’s Surface

Illustration showing where neuston reside

Infographic: Neuston Drift Atop the World’s Oceans

Infographic: Neuston Drift Atop the World’s Oceans

<em>Chlamydia</em> invades a host cell, forms a membrane-bound vacuole, or inclusion, and then modifies the protein composition of the structure’s membrane. If immune cells detect <em>Chlamydia</em> before it forms the inclusion, they trigger T cells to produce interferon-γ (IFN-γ), a powerful cytokine. IFN-γ activates the protein mysterin (also called RFN213), which attaches ubiquitin to the inclusion membrane, signaling the cell to destroy the inclusion’s contents by dumping them into a lysosome (left). C. trachomatis produces GarD, a protein that integrates into the inclusion membrane itself and somehow prevents mysterin from attaching ubiquitin, allowing the bacterium to evade immune destruction while continuing to multiply and eventually bursting from the cell (right).

Infographic: How Chlamydia Evades Immune Detection

Infographic: How Chlamydia Evades Immune Detection

ADVERTISEMENT