A New Look at Contraceptives

Ibsen's dictum "minorities are always right" cannot be correct: minorities seldom agree, so they cannot all be right. It would be more correct to say that "majorities are always wrong—partially if not completely." In the past, when research was usually a part-time job or a hobby, scientists were less apt than they are now to follow safe and fashionable lines of work. We were less specialized and moved from subject to subject in a manner that worried grant-giving committees then, and would

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I probably changed subjects more than most. Nevertheless, in spite of a poor memory (when compared to the memories of my friends Bawden, Bernal, Miles, Haldane and Synge) and little manual dexterity, I moved reasonably smoothly along the scientific pecking order, while getting out of any subject as it began to get crowded. Such a system, or lack of system, may be epitomized as "Why do a job yourself if someone equally competent is ready to do it?" It can work— but, as with Batesian mimicry, only if it is not widely adopted.

Most research in universities and similar places does not have a clearly defined practical objective. When it has, the objective may be reached by fashionable procedures. But work along unfashionable lines is more likely to produce something unexpected and useful. Experiences in unconnected subjects may illuminate one another. That is why, as Seneca argues, innovations are more ...

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