p.17
A.A. Levin, L.J. Sturzenbecker, S. Kazmer, T. Bosakowski, C. Huselton, G. Allenby, J. Speck, C. Kratzeisen, M. Rosenberger, A. Lovey, J.F. Grippo, "9-Cis retinoic acid stereoisomer binds and activates the nuclear receptor RXRa," Nature, 355:359-61, 1992.
Arthur A. Levin and Joseph F. Grippo (Department of Toxicology and Pathology, Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., Nutley, N.J.): "The biologic activities of the all-trans (t) isomer of retinoic acid (RA) are mediated through the binding and activation of a family of nuclear RA receptors (RARs) that are members of the steroid/thyroid superfamily of ligand- dependent transcription factors. A second family of nuclear RA receptors, the RXRs, was discovered that were weakly activated by t-RA but did not directly bind this ligand (D.J. Mangelsdorf, et al., Nature, 345:224-9, 1990 and Hot Papers, The Scientist, Nov. 25, 1991, page 16). These results suggested that a t-RA metabolite was the proximate ligand for the RXRs, and we ...
