Several organizations suggest that a case against a University of Kansas professor is the latest example of the US government targeting researchers for their ethnicity.
Four Chinese nationals have been charged with visa fraud after revelations that they sent information on the layout of US labs and research carried out by colleagues back to China.
The case of a lieutenant in the Chinese army who studied physics at Boston University points to broader vulnerabilities in US academia, The Wall Street Journal reports.
Prosecutors say two other researchers from the same cancer lab at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center successfully stole material and brought it to China.
Nearly two dozen higher education groups warn the government to be cautious when advising US research universities to keep an eye on students and faculty with ties to certain Chinese institutions.
A review of a 2014 incident in which mystery vials of smallpox were found at the NIH reveals security weaknesses, but also concludes the response was appropriate.