The company behind a now-discredited study on hydroxychloroquine also posted a report that has been cited by Latin American governments recommending ivermectin as a possible coronavirus treatment. Clinicians there say the effects have been extremely damaging.

Criticism of the paper first surfaced in 1994, and its author was accused of scientific misconduct.

A second investigation by the school concludes that David Latchman, also the head of Birkbeck, University of London, was not involved in the image manipulation found in papers he coauthored.

Cell biologist Irina Stancheva was dismissed in June 2017 after a scientific misconduct investigation.

Authors of rescinded papers see a 10 percent to 20 percent decline in citation rates for their other publications. 

Several initiatives aim to improve research integrity in the country, but recent high-profile cases of misconduct highlight a lingering problem.

A lawsuit claims that Duke University and biologist Erin Potts-Kant used bad data in projects funded by dozens of government grants.

An institutional investigation has found evidence of image manipulation in two studies coauthored by Bharat Aggarwal.

Nature retracts a study six years after an investigation found that the protein structures it reported were fabricated.