The agency argues that chlorpyrifos is one of few “cost-effective options” for controlling certain farm pests.

Individual researchers and science societies are finding solutions so colleagues around the globe can attend conferences, from remote presentations to relocating conferences.

Changing policy has left academics uncertain about what is legal for foreign involvement in research, and increased hostility and bureaucracy have led students and scholars to seek opportunities elsewhere.

External researchers funded by US federal grants can continue their experiments under tighter scrutiny.

It’s unclear how the order, which charges academic institutions to follow existing rules regarding the First Amendment, will be implemented and enforced.

The draft budget includes deep cuts for science funding, hacking more than $5.5 billion from the NIH’s allotment, but historically Congress has not accepted the White House’s proposals.

On Saturday, the US President announced that he would soon issue an executive order denying funds to colleges and universities that fail to protect free speech.

The consequences of the partial government closure could be long lasting.

Environmental groups are concerned and plan litigation.