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Microbes were living on land as early as 3.22 billion years ago, fossilized rocks show, 500 million years earlier than previously documented.

Reshaping how the Endangered Species Act is implemented is seen as a way to streamline bureaucracy, but critics of the plan say it will leave species at greater risk of extinction.

Historically thought to be a refuge for coral growing in the shallows, coral reefs from oceanic depths face similar threats, finds a new study.

High-profile universities produce fewer papers, and with lesser influence, per federal dollar than less-celebrated recipients of federal funding.

Consortia in both countries are pushing for open-access subscriptions with the publisher.

Under one name the species is used in food fermentation, and under the other it is a drug-resistant cause of yeast infections.

Phages that die during bacterial invasion help other viruses defeat the microbes’ immune responses.

At least 5,000 of the country’s researchers have published their work on questionable platforms, often forking over exorbitant fees, a report finds.

A pesticide industry leader, Hutchins was formerly president of the Entomological Society of America.

Opponents of the guidelines, which would bar results of many public health studies from use in policy making, include scientific and healthcare organizations.

Researchers silence pain neurons in the mouse spinal cord with injections of botulinum toxins modified to bind to the neurons’ receptors.

Compared to other drugs, therapeutics given breakthrough status receive FDA approval on the basis of weaker trial evidence, a study finds.