The Infant Gut Microbiome and Probiotics that Work

The gut microbiome is more malleable in the first two years after birth, allowing probiotics to make their mark. Can we exploit this to improve infants’ health?

Written byJennifer T. Smilowitz and Diana Hazard Taft
| 23 min read

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ABOVE: MODIFIED FROM © ISTOCK.COM, HOMUNKULUS28; © ISTOCK.COM, TATIANA VASILYEVA

In the fall of 2018, a team of researchers from the Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel published findings that a cocktail of 11 strains of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium had minimal immediate impact and no lasting effect on the makeup of the gut microbiome of mice or people. In fact, the probiotic bacteria were not found in any of the fourteen adult participants after supplementation ended.

These recent findings received quite a lot of press and added to growing sentiment among the public that probiotics—live microorganisms that are purported to confer benefits on the human host—don’t work. Decades of research have shown that most probiotics aren't able to colonize or exert lasting benefits in the human gut. Some critics even suggested that probiotics may not be a promising avenue for treating disease or otherwise improving health and wellness. But we ...

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