December 1998

NEXT STEP: The virtual center "is the natural evolution of our shared research interests," says Ashley T. Haase, chair of the microbiology department at the University of Minnesota. When AIDS researchers physically located in four different states hold a meeting, it almost feels like they're sitting at a table across from each other--but they're really just facing their individual computer screens. They view slides of the human immunodeficiency virus in lymphoid tissue in real time and discuss

PHOTO CREDIT: Lori Desantis, Children's Hospital of Boston ANGIOGENESIS HONORS: Children's Hospital of Boston researcher Judah Folkman (far right) received the 1998 John Scott Award from the Philadelphia Board of Directors of City Trusts for his work in studying angiogenesis and angiogenesis inhibitors. Folkman, who refuses to be photographed alone, is joined by Harvard Medical School colleagues (from right) Donald Ingber, Michael O'Reilly, and Robert D'Amato. After being built up by a New York

Per the request of President Bill Clinton, the members of the presidentially appointed National Bioethics Advisory Commission (NBAC) met on Nov. 17 to discuss the bioethical, medical, and legal ramifications of the apparent first-ever creation of bovine-human hybrid cells, embryonic cells consisting of a human cell's nucleus inside a cow egg. In a Nov. 14 letter to the NBAC, the president said that he was "deeply troubled by this news of experiments involving the mingling of human and nonhuman

PHOTO: Edward Derrick, AAAS PLANNING FOR THE FUTURE: J. Scott Hauger (left), director of the Research Competitiveness Program at the American Association for the Advancement of Science, speaks with Tom Collins, vice president for research at Oklahoma State University, during a break at the recent Next Generation Internet conference in San Diego. A distributed information-retrieval system enables desktop access to biological collections that can be used for biodiversity research, conservation, m

November marked one year since the war against HIV took another frightening twist. It was learned that, like guerrillas sneaking into a sleeping army command post, the virus could conceal itself from combination drug therapy by hiding in resting CD4+ T cells--the immune cells that order destruction of such foreign invaders, yet themselves are primary targets of HIV. But November also marked the emergence of a new weapon in the fight against these latent viral reserves, a fight still far from wo

Plant and animal circadian rhythms, 24-hour cycles that regulate many physiological and metabolic functions, are ultimately influenced by the same thing: light. Scientists are now beginning to realize that plants and animals may also share some of the mechanisms for receiving and processing that light so that the day/night cycles in both organisms are optimized. Two reports in the Nov. 20 issue of Science --one by researchers from The Scripps Research Institute in La Jolla, Calif. (D.E. Somers

The National Academy of Sciences (NAS), the National Academy of Engineering (NAE), the Institute of Medicine (IOM)--along with our "operating arm," the National Research Council (NRC)--are private, independent nonprofit organizations. Most of the work that we do is funded by the federal government in our role as science advisers to the nation. This tradition of service reaches back to our 1863 charter, and providing independent advice to our government remains the central role of the NAS, NAE,

The National Academy of Sciences is a focal point of the highest credibility for the greatest scientific community the world has ever known. Not only does the Academy recognize, reward, and reinforce excellence and creativity in science, setting the highest standards of quality and discovery, it also powerfully fosters the uses of science and technology in judicious, humane, and democratic ways. The scientific community is the best approximation we now have to a truly international community,

David A. Cheresh P.C. Brooks, S. Strömblad, L.C. Sanders, T.L. von Schalscha, R.T. Aimes, W.G. Stetler-Stevenson, J.P. Quigley, D.A. Cheresh, "Localization of matrix metalloproteinase MMP-2 to the surface of invasive cells by interaction with integrin alpha-vß3," Cell, 85:683-93, 1996. (Cited in more than 155 papers since publication) Comments by David A. Cheresh, professor of immunology and vascular biology at the Scripps Research Institute in La Jolla, Calif. Much in the new

H. Kiyokawa, R.D. Kineman, K.O. Manova-Todorova, V.C. Soares, E.S. Hoffman, M. Ono, D. Khanam, A.C. Hayday, L.A. Frohman, and A. Koff. "Enhanced growth of mice lacking the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor function of p27Kip1," Cell, 85:721-32, 1996. (Cited in more than 155 papers since publication) Comments by Andrew Koff, associate member of the molecular biology program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors act as a traffic cop of cell

PHOTO CREDIT: Thomas Gottin BIOINFORMATICS PROGRAMMING: Rensselaer's John Salerno (shown with biologist Jane Koretz) has been piecing together courses for the institute's new bioinformatics offerings. "Bioinformatics," the buzzword, seems unavoidable. But, for life scientists, is learning the related skills unavoidable, too? Acquiring that software savvy may not be absolutely necessary, notes W. Graham Richards, professor of physical and theoretical chemistry at Oxford University. But it may

Develop PHOTO CREDIT: Graham G. Ramsay DO IT YOURSELF: Harvard Medical School's George Church (back) thinks the best way to learn cutting-edge bioinformatics techniques is through constant self-education. Church and research assistants (from right) Jason Hughes, Preston Estep, and Fritz Roth (now with Millennium) stand near an RNA chip scanner, which helps determine changes in gene expression due to a given stimulus. Date: December 7, 1998 Asking five people to define bioinformatic

Gel Microdrop System from One Cell Systems can ferret out rare protein secreting cells Imagine, if you will, a single cell suspended in a drop. Now picture that same cell secreting a protein, say an immunoglobulin. Now envision that secreting cell embedded in a matrix that binds the protein as it leaves the cell, and you have the idea of the microdrop hybridoma selection system available from One Cell Systems. A modification of the microdrop technology described in 1991 by James Weaver, Associ

Novagen's STP3 performance with various templates Promega's TNT® system and Novagen's Single Tube Protein™ System 3 combine in vitro transcription and translation into a single-tube reaction. Traditionally, in vitro transcription and translation are carried out as two separate reactions where the RNA reactions is first synthesized using an in vitro transcription system and then added to a translation reaction, of which several are in use today. Carrying out two separate procedures c

Date: December 7, 1998Statistical Software Table The science of biometry, or biological statistics, and the art of graphic display have made major advances with the advent of the desktop computer. These advances include quick, multivariant statistical analyses of large data sets and real-time re-analyses with different parameters; the ability to test a mathematical model with raw data; and a multitude of two- and three-dimensional graphical display methods. A wide array of statistics applicatio

Date: December 7, 1998Thermal Blocks Table As a strong contingent of companies maneuvers to establish dominance over a diminishing share of the market for thermal cyclers, the pressure to lower costs and develop new technologies has made this a dynamic year for the industry. Frustrated by competition, some companies that have been steadfast promoters of the technology are bowing gracefully out of the industry. However, as the leviathans of the thermal cycler business put pressure on the little