Infants may have been drinking animal milk from vessels for thousands of years.

Dental calculus provides a look into the diets of 42 people who died during the Great Irish Famine.

Modern-day populations in India descend from a mixture of peoples living thousands of years ago in South and Central Asia, including the Bronze-Age Indus Valley Civilization, two studies reveal.

Theodosius Dobzhansky’s work in population genetics influenced how genetics and natural selection were combined in evolutionary biology.

Human remains around Roopkund Lake in India bear South Asian, East Asian, and Mediterranean ancestry.

Scientists extracted 4,500-year-old yeast from Egyptian pottery to use in breadmaking.

Robert Guthrie’s blood test for the metabolic disorder phenylketonuria launched a worldwide movement to screen every baby for the disease soon after birth.

From an excavation of a site called Çatalhöyük, in modern-day Turkey, scientists recover preserved whipworm eggs—a sign of settling down and living in close quarters.

Lymph from cattle proved more effective at inducing immunity to smallpox than the older, person-to-person method.