X-ray crystallography of penicillin
| 4 min read
Political activist and Nobel winner Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin pioneered X-ray crystallography to discover the molecular structures of penicillin and insulin.

history

Black and white photo of excavation<br><br>

Black Death Likely Originated in Central Asia

stone panel depicting a horselike animal led by ropes around the neck

Ancient Mesopotamians Bred Horselike Hybrids

In one of the only known photos of Abraham Lincoln taken on the day of the Gettysburg Address, Lincoln can be seen seated, hatless, just below and to the right of the flag. Lincoln began developing symptoms of smallpox on the train home to Washington, DC.

Presidential Pox, 1863

Human blood in a plastic Intravenous drip bag, the tube running out of the image. Square crop. Horizontal with copy space.

Opinion: What the History of Blood Transfusion Reveals About Risk

Opening of Leang Panninge cave in Indonesia

7,200-Year-Old Skeleton Offers Clues to Early Human Migration

Birth of Midwifery, Circa 100 CE

two black-and-white microscope images, one with a few black dots, the other with many rod-shaped bacteria

Identifying a Killer, 1895

Calcite crystals covered in small grains of pyrite, with pincers

Signs of Ancient Microbial Life Abundant in Earth’s Crust: Study

a large campus building, Frederick Douglass Memorial Hall at Howard University

Leader of the Pack, 1903–1994

Stamping Out Science, 1948

Bile and Potatoes, 1921

Book Club Discussion of Lulu Miller's Why Fish Don't Exist

Identity Crisis, 1906

Seqenenre pharaoh egypt mummy ct scan paleoradiology hyksos murder

Scientists Reconstruct Warrior Pharaoh’s Murder Using CT Scans

Conch Horn Finds Its Song Again After 17,000 Years

Respected Medical Geneticist Sir Peter Harper Dies at 81

Viral Discoveries, 1929

Introducing Inoculation, 1721

Action at a Distance, Circa Early 1950s

Octopod Sailors, 300 BC–present

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Sex Determination: It’s in the Genes—Sometimes

A group of large animals, some of which are being studied for cancer resistance genes and proteins, are pictured, including a bison, an elephant, a giraffe, a manatee, a zebra, and a whale.

Peto’s Paradox: How Gigantic Species Evolved to Beat Cancer

Photo of John Calhoun crouches within his rodent utopia-turned-dystopia

Universe 25 Experiment

A cross-section of a mouse brain with staining for NOVA1 and cell nuclei.

Strange Squeaks: A Uniquely Human Gene Alters Mouse “Songs”

Multimedia

Discover the history, mechanics, and potential of PCR.

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Understanding Disease Through Biomarkers

Understanding Disease Through Biomarkers

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March 2025, Issue 1

How Do Embryos Know How Fast to Develop

In mammals, intracellular clocks begin to tick within days of fertilization.

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Discover the history, mechanics, and potential of PCR.

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Explore polypharmacology’s beneficial role in target-based drug discovery

Embracing Polypharmacology for Multipurpose Drug Targeting

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Genetic Insights Break Infectious Pathogen Barriers

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A photo of sample storage boxes in an ultra-low temperature freezer.

Navigating Cold Storage Solutions

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