X-ray crystallography of penicillin
| 4 min read
Political activist and Nobel winner Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin pioneered X-ray crystallography to discover the molecular structures of penicillin and insulin.

history

Black and white photo of excavation<br><br>

Black Death Likely Originated in Central Asia

stone panel depicting a horselike animal led by ropes around the neck

Ancient Mesopotamians Bred Horselike Hybrids

In one of the only known photos of Abraham Lincoln taken on the day of the Gettysburg Address, Lincoln can be seen seated, hatless, just below and to the right of the flag. Lincoln began developing symptoms of smallpox on the train home to Washington, DC.

Presidential Pox, 1863

Human blood in a plastic Intravenous drip bag, the tube running out of the image. Square crop. Horizontal with copy space.

Opinion: What the History of Blood Transfusion Reveals About Risk

Opening of Leang Panninge cave in Indonesia

7,200-Year-Old Skeleton Offers Clues to Early Human Migration

Birth of Midwifery, Circa 100 CE

two black-and-white microscope images, one with a few black dots, the other with many rod-shaped bacteria

Identifying a Killer, 1895

Calcite crystals covered in small grains of pyrite, with pincers

Signs of Ancient Microbial Life Abundant in Earth’s Crust: Study

a large campus building, Frederick Douglass Memorial Hall at Howard University

Leader of the Pack, 1903–1994

Trending

A close-up image of a fly landing on a dessert

What Happens When a Fly Lands on Your Food? 

Image of an infant’s feet that are visible in a hospital incubator.

Record-Breaking DNA Sequencing Technology Could Transform Newborn Care

Photo of John Calhoun crouches within his rodent utopia-turned-dystopia

Universe 25 Experiment

The World's Densest Bones

Multimedia

Olga Anczukow and Ryan Englander discuss how transcriptome splicing affects immune system function in lung cancer.

Long-Read RNA Sequencing Reveals a Regulatory Role for Splicing in Immunotherapy Responses

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Research Roundtable: The Evolving World of Spatial Biology

Research Roundtable: The Evolving World of Spatial Biology

Image of a woman with her hands across her stomach. She has a look of discomfort on her face. There is a blown up image of her stomach next to her and it has colorful butterflies and gut bacteria all swarming within the gut.
November 2025, Issue 1

Why Do We Feel Butterflies in the Stomach?

These fluttering sensations are the brain’s reaction to certain emotions, which can be amplified or soothed by the gut’s own “bugs".

View this Issue
Olga Anczukow and Ryan Englander discuss how transcriptome splicing affects immune system function in lung cancer.

Long-Read RNA Sequencing Reveals a Regulatory Role for Splicing in Immunotherapy Responses

Pacific Biosciences logo
Research Roundtable: The Evolving World of Spatial Biology

Research Roundtable: The Evolving World of Spatial Biology

Conceptual cartoon image of gene editing technology

Exploring the State of the Art in Gene Editing Techniques

Bio-Rad
Conceptual image of a doctor holding a brain puzzle, representing Alzheimer's disease diagnosis.

Simplifying Early Alzheimer’s Disease Diagnosis with Blood Testing

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