The Stanford Medical School professor’s research aided the development of positron emission tomography (PET) reporters to identify disease.

The Stanford University researcher shared valuable insights into memory and learning during his 49-year career.

The University of California, San Diego, researcher helped identify the HIV retrovirus responsible for AIDS and developed treatments still in use today.

Working with a virus that infects bacteria, the Stanford University biochemist and developmental biologist helped to develop a way to stitch DNA together, a discovery that gave rise to genetic engineering.

The Stanford University researcher charted the human sleep cycle and characterized numerous sleep disorders.

The University of Toronto and University of Vienna pharmacologist developed L-dopa, a precursor to dopamine that remains the most widely used therapy for Parkinson’s disease.

The Field Museum researcher and biology instructor, who died of complications associated with COVID-19, used DNA sequencing to identify new species of plants and birds.

The Boston University professor, who died of complications related to COVID-19, spent more than 40 years researching the lives of bats.

The University of South Alabama professor, who died of complications related to COVID-19, reconstructed the historic range of plants that once grew in the southeastern US.