One of the foremost molecular biologists of the 20th century, the Nobel laureate established C. elegans as a model organism, mapping its genes and development.

The former Columbia University professor’s early work helped illuminate the structure of penicillin, allowing chemists to make variants and broaden the scope of antibiotic treatments.

A government scientist, he tried to end the unethical study, was unsuccessful, and then spent his career combatting injustice in healthcare.

The Columbia University geochemist is credited with popularizing the term “climate change” and his research shaped the modern understanding of water circulation in the ocean.

The marine scientist was renowned for his passion for exploring waves, marine life, and the way Earth’s largest bodies of water affect the planet’s climate.

The nephew of Lily Pereg, a microbial ecologist at the University of New England in Australia, has been arrested on homicide charges.

The UCSD psychiatry researcher championed the concept of mental illness as a neurobiological condition and helped form the US government’s Decade of the Brain initiative.

The scientist and clinician helped develop a new form of cancer therapy, using a monoclonal antibody to treat head, neck, colorectal, and lung cancers.

The Indiana University professor was known for his research on the evolution of organismal development.