The oncologist developed lifesaving childhood leukemia treatments and revolutionized chemotherapy.

His career was dedicated to understanding and protecting frog populations.

The Cardiff University researcher was famous both for his work on genetic disorders and for his documentation of the history of his field.

The Rutgers University researcher created the first FDA-authorized spit test, which has since been used by millions of people.

The Boyce Thompson Institute researcher’s work revealed key insights into how plant pathogens recognize and colonize their hosts.

Sykes sequenced famous ancient remains, such as Ötzi and Cheddar Man, and was one of the first researchers to use mitochondrial DNA to trace genetic lineages.

The UCSF microbiologist pioneered investigations into the deadly disease starting in the late 1960s that have led to the near eradication of trachoma, a chlamydia-related eye infection.

The Sloan Kettering researcher used mutagenic screening to probe genes and molecular pathways, including Toll and Hedgehog, essential to development in fruit flies and mice.

The scientific community bid farewell to researchers who furthered the fields of molecular biology, virology, sleep science, and immunology, among others.