Genetic information from dozens of individuals living 700 to 10,000 years ago reveals connections between Clovis and Native Americans and South Americans.

Prehistoric Andeans seemed especially fond of trepanation—holes drilled in the skull as a treatment for various ills.

The function of early hominins’ enlarged brow ridges, and their reduction in size in Homo sapiens, have puzzled paleoanthropologists for decades.

Scientists have identified a new genus of extinct horse that lived in North America during the last ice age. 

Ancient bones of the newly described toothless, stout-nosed dolphin Inermorostrum xenops suggest that it slurped its food.

Analysis of 40 European archaeological sites suggests a gradual extinction of Neanderthals over thousands of years.  

An examination of 17 ancient skulls shows that some Neanderthal features arose as far back as 430,000 years ago.

Scientists show that the position of the foramen magnum, the hole in the skull through which the spine connects to the brain, is correlated with locomotion and posture in mammals.

A new study finds that Stephen J. Gould's criticisms of another scientist's data was misplaced, and the eminent biologist and historian succumbed to data bias himself.