Scans of eight fossilized adult and infant Australopithecus afarensis skulls reveal a prolonged period of brain growth during development that may have set the stage for extended childhood learning in later hominins.

The crania of individuals who lived in the Yucatán Peninsula during the late Pleistocene show a high degree of anatomical diversity among them, and their skull shapes differ from that of other North American populations of the time.

A newly discovered fossilized skull is between 66.8 million and 66.7 million years old and bears similarities to modern-day chickens and ducks.

A roughly 99-million-year-old piece of amber from northern Myanmar contains the skull of what appears to represent the smallest known dinosaur of the Mesozoic era.

The inner ear cavity proves to be a useful tool for studying the evolutionary relationships among monkeys, apes, and humans.

An extinct rodent relative of the capybara appears to have had a smaller brain-to-body ratio than similar species.

The skull changed shape in different ways than the brain during evolution, according to a new comparative study.

Researchers say the skull belongs to an Australopithecus species once thought to be a predecessor to “Lucy,” but now that relationship is murky.

Detailed imaging of the rodent central nervous system reveals new information about the route cerebrospinal fluid takes to leave the brain.