G.J. Freeman, F. Borriello, R.J. Hodes, H. Resier, K.S. Hathcock, G. Laszlo, A.J. McKnight, J. Kim, L. Du, D.B. Lombard, G.S. Gray, L.M. Nadler, A.H. Sharpe, "Uncovering of functional alternative CTLA-4 counter-receptor in B-7 deficient mice," Science, 202:907- 9, 1993. (Cited in 81 publications through May 1995) G.J. Freeman, J.G. Gribben, V.A. Boussiotis, J.W. Ng, V.A. Restivo, Jr., L.A. Lombard, G.S. Gray, L.M. Nadler, "Cloning of B7-2: A CTLA-4 counter receptor that costimulates human T ce

D.A.B. Lindberg, B.L. Humphreys, A.T. McCray, "The Unified Medical Language System," Methods of Information in Medicine, 32:281-91, 1993. (Cited in 31 publications through May 1995) Comments by Donald Lindberg, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Md. "Since 1986, there has been an attempt to create knowledge sources on computers to be used by 'intelligent' programs and subsequently by intelligent people," recounts Donald Lindberg, director of the National Library of Medicine in Bethesda,

Colleagues remember Jonas Salk for carrying the courage of his scientific conviction.

Grow In Industrial R&D Labs Author: Neeraja Sankaran At a time when increasing numbers of Ph.D. researchers are facing a shortage of job opportunities, some scientists are finding productive and fulfilling careers before they ever reach that level -- in the pharmaceutical industry. MASTER OF MANY TRADES: As a senior research assistant, Walter Darbonne works independently on research projects. Drug companies "provide a great opportunity for people who want to do research," even without a doct

Biologists and mathematicians alike are finding their respective disciplines meeting at a very busy crossroads. The rapid advances in both fields, they say, have resulted in an explosion of information in the life sciences, and the creation of sophisticated mathematical tools for handling complicated biological systems. Studies over the entire range of the life sciences--from the molecular level (DNA and proteins) to entire organisms and ecosystems--benefit from insights derived from the mathe

A. Nagatani, J.W. Reed, J. Chory, "Isolation and initial characterization of Arabidopsis mutants that are deficient in phytochrome A," Plant Physiology, 102:269-77, 1993. (Cited in 44 publications through May 1995) Comments by Joanne Chory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, San Diego Because light plays an integral role in modulating both the development and the physiology of plants, the subject of how plants respond to their light environment "is of fundamental interest to the plant sci

G. Dranoff, E. Jaffee, A. Lazenby, P. Golumbek, H. Levitsky, K. Brose, V. Jackson, H. Hamada, D. Pardoll, R.C. Mulligan, "Vaccination with irradiated tumor cells engineered to secrete murine granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor stimulates potent, specific, and long-lasting anti-tumor immunity," Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 90:3539-43, 1993. (Cited in 170 publications through May 1995) Comments by Glenn Dranoff, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical Sc

Edited by: NEERAJA SANKARAN P.Y.S. Lam, P.K. Jadhav, C.J. Eyermann, C.N. Hodge, Y. Ru, L.T. Bacheler, J.L. Meek, M.J. Otto, M.M. Rayner, Y.N. Wong, C-H. Chang, P.C. Weber, D.A. Jackson, T.R. Sharpe, S. Erickson- Viitanen, "Rational design of potent, bioavailable, nonpeptide cyclic ureas as HIV protease inhibitors," Science, 262:380-4, 1994. (Cited in 46 publications through May 1995) Comments by Patrick Y.S. Lam, DuPont Merck Pharmaceutical Co., Wilmington, Del. Patrick Y.S. Lam, a principal

Prestigious NSF Awards Author: NEERAJA SANKARAN This year, the National Science Foundation bestowed its two highest awards on physicists: The Alan T. Waterman Award has been given to Matthew P.A. Fisher, a professor of physics at the University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB), and a research physicist at UCSB's Institute for Theoretical Physics; and the Vannevar Bush Award of the National Science Board (NSB) has been presented to Norman Ramsey, a Nobel laureate and Higgins Professor of Phys

Role Of Research In Society Author: NEERAJA SANKARAN Many of the scientists addressing graduating students at universities across North America this year chose to focus in their speeches on science's role in uplifting, rescuing, and, in some cases, bringing harm to society. The speakers invited to deliver convocation addresses were among a distinguished group of science luminaries upon whom various academic institutions conferred honorary degrees for their contributions both within and outside

Following is a partial listing of scientists whom various universities and colleges in the United States and abroad chose to recognize for their achievements by awarding them honorary degrees. Phillip A. Sharp, Salvador E. Luria Professor of Biology and head of the department of biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; recipient of 1993 Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic: Eugene Garfield, publisher and editor-in-chief,The Scientist Freeman D

by: NEERAJA SANKARAN It's summertime! Time to grab sand pails and suntan lotion and head for the shore. But not everyone who goes out to sea and wades in the tidepools is there for a vacation. For some scientists, at least, a trip to the beach on a summer's day is all in a day's work. Scientific Spelunker:Serban Sarbu explores the ecology of isolated systems at the Movile Caves in Romania. Take the researchers at the Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL) in Woods Hole, Mass. Since it was founded