W.J. Su, R.L. Woodward, A.M. Dziewonski, "Degree-12 model of shear velocity heterogeneity in the mantle," Journal of Geophysical Research -- Solid Earth, 99:6945-80, 1994. (Cited in more than 50 publications as of February 1996) Comments by Adam Dziewonski, Harvard University According to Adam Dziewonski, a professor of geophysics at Harvard University, this paper describes the "highest resolution available for three-dimensional, seismological models of the Earth." He relates that such models

K. Braig, Z. Otwinowski, R. Hegde, D.C. Boisvert, A.Joachimiak, A.L. Horwich, P.B. Sigler, "The crystal structure of the bacterial chaperonin GroEL at 2.8 angstroms," Nature, 371:578-86, 1994. (Cited in more than 100 publications as of February 1996) W.A. Fenton, Y. Kashi, K. Furtak, A. Horwich, "Residues in chaperonin GroEL required for polypeptide binding and release," Nature, 371:614-9, 1994. (Cited in more than 60 publications as of February 1996) Comments by Arthur Horwich and Paul Sigle

E.M. Brown, G. Gamba, D. Riccardi, M. Lombardi, R. Butters, O. Kifor, A. Sun, M.A. Hediger, J. Lytton, S.C. Hebert, "Cloning and characterization of an extracellular Ca2+-sensing receptor from bovine parathyroid," Nature, 366:575-80, 1993. (Cited in more than 100 publications through November 1995) Comments by Edward Brown and Steven Hebert, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston This paper describes the isolation, cloning, and molecular characterization of a receptor molecule for calcium ions

D.D. Ho, A.U. Neumann, A.S. Perelson, W. Chen, J.M. Leonard, M. Markowitz, "Rapid turnover of plasma virions and CD4 lymphocytes in HIV-1 infection," Nature, 373:123-6, 1995. (Cited in nearly 100 publications through November 1995) Comments by Martin Markowitz, Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, New York According to Martin Markowitz, a staff investigator at the Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center of the New York University School of Medicine, the main significance of this paper is that "it e

On November 8, the University of Würzburg, Germany, is hosting a ceremony to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the discovery of X-rays by its Nobel-winning alumnus, Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen. To mark this event, the university is awarding three prizes-in the categories of biosciences, medicine, and physics-to outstanding researchers who have worked with X-rays in these fields. The awards will not be given again for 100 years. X-RAY VISIONARY: Axel Brünger studes the structure of

Their Fields Author: Neeraja Sankaran SIDEBAR: Technology Medalists Life scientists whose work has shed new light on genetic disorders and the basic mechanisms and structure of RNA were prominent among the individuals President Clinton presented with the National Medals of Science on October 18. The medals-the United States' highest scientific honor-were given to seven men and one woman. The event also featured the awarding of the National Medal of Technology to three scientists and business

The recipients of the 1995 National Medals of Technology included two corporations, a team of three scientists from one company, and three other individuals. Like their science medal counterparts, the technology medals represent the United States' highest honor for achievement in technology. This year's winners are: A three-member team at IBM's T.J. Watson Research Center in Yorktown Heights, N.Y., consisting of Praveen Chaudhari, Jerome C. Cuomo (retired), and Richard Gambino (retired), for t

On the 50th anniversary of the establishment of its prestigious Albert Lasker Medical Research Awards, the New York-based Albert and Mary Lasker Foundation added a United States senator to the six biomedical researchers-including five immunologists recognized for the same research subject-it chose to honor for their contributions to the medical sciences and research. The foundation's Public Service Award went to Sen. Mark Hatfield (R-Ore.), chairman of the Senate Appropriations Committee, for

J.W. Harper, G.R. Adami, N. Wei, K. Keyomarsi, S.J. Elledge, "The p21 Cdk-interacting protein Cip1 is a potent inhibitor of G1 cyclin-dependent kinases," Cell, 75:805-16, 1993. (Cited in nearly 500 publications through September 1995) Comments by Stephen J. Elledge and J. Wade Harper, Baylor College of Medicine "This paper describes the identification and characterization of the first human gene encoding a protein- p21Cip1-which functions to negatively regulate Cdks controlling cell-cycle en

R.M. Bertina, B.P.C. Koeleman, T. Koster, F.R. Rosendaal, R.J. Dirven, H. de Ronde, P.A. van der Velden, P.H. Reitsma, "Mutation in blood coagulation factor V associated with resistance to activated protein C," Nature, 369:64-7, 1994. (Cited in more than 100 publications through September 1995) Comments by Rogier Bertina, University Hospital of Leiden, Netherlands According to Rogier Bertina, a professor of hematology at the University Hospital of Leiden in the Netherlands, this paper "provide

Candidates For Nobel Author: NEERAJA SANKARAN Sidebar: Highly Referenced Scientists As one of the oldest and richest awards for intellectual achievement, the Nobel Prize is also perhaps the most coveted prize in the world. With nearly $1 million allocated to winners in the categories of physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and economics, and a long selection process shrouded in secrecy, it is also one of the most prestigious. It's only natural then, in the weeks of tense

M. Muller, J. Briscoe, C. Laxton, D. Guschin, A. Ziemiecki, O. Silvennoinen, A.G. Harpur, G. Barblerl, B.A. Witthuhn, C. Schindler, S. Pellegrini, A.F. Wilks, J.N. Ihle, G. Stark, I.M. Kerr, "The protein tyrosine kinase JAK1 complements defects in interferon-a/b and g signal transduction," Nature, 366:129-35, 1993. (Cited in more than 150 publications through September 1995) Z. Zhong, Z.L. Wen, J.E. Darnell, Jr., "STAT3-a STAT family member activated by tyrosine phosphorylation in response to