have curative anti-leukaemia activity through a graft-versus-leukaemia effect with no graft-versus-host disease.

Blocking tumour necrosis factor ligands inhibits both humoral and cellular immune mechanisms in a model of rheumatoid arthritis.

An ICOS blockade suppresses intragraft T cell activation and cytokine expression and prolongs transplant survival.

generated early in inflammation acts as an inducer of subsequent anti-inflammatory pathways partly by amplification of lipoxin expression.

N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors are involved in mediating the behavioural pain response to colonic distention in the normal rat colon.

Blocking two key cell receptors that normally trigger cell death in the brain dramatically improves survival and reduces disability in mice after stroke.

Highly enriched donor haematopoietic stem cells are capable of migrating to ischaemic cardiac muscle and blood vessels to form cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells.

The level of CD40 ligand in stored platelet concentrates is similar to human blood levels during inflammation and may explain febrile responses to transfusions.

Pulmonary fibrosis is considered a deleterious consequence of persistent lung inflammation, but the mechanism by which inflammation leads to fibrosis remains incompletely understood. In June 15 Journal of Clinical Investigation, Martin Kolb and colleagues from McMaster University, Ontario, Canada, show how acute tissue injury in the lung — initiated by a highly proinflammatory cytokine — IL-1β, converts to progressive fibrotic changes.Kolb et al. used adenoviral gene transfer to

induced signal transduction.

in B cells dramatically reduces ICAM-1 and B7-2 surface expression, impairing B cell induction of T cell activation.

In response to HIV-1 infection immune cells decrease mRNA synthesis, suppress DNA repair gene transcripts and increase expression of apoptosis inducing genes.