Diagnosing cancer with artificial neural networks

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are a novel means for analyzing information, and are composed of a large number of highly interconnected processing elements, which can learn through example. In February 13 online Gastroenterology, Florin Selaru and colleagues from University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA, show that ANNs can be used to distinguish different subtypes of neoplastic colorectal lesions in human samples.

Selaru et al. hybridized cDNA microarrays — each containing 8064 cDNA clones — to RNAs derived from 39 colorectal neoplastic specimens with either inflammatory bowel disease-dysplasias (IBDNs) or cancer or sporadic colorectal adenomas (SACs) and cancers. On this model they found that an ANN constructed and trained to differentiate IBDNs from SACs correctly diagnosed 12 of 12-blinded samples in a test set. But hierarchical clustering based on all 8064 clones failed to correctly categorize the samples. In addition, they showed that even with a...