The Northwestern University professor developed surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, an invaluable technique for detecting and identifying individual molecules.

Leonard Dyck is remembered for sharing his passion for plants with students at the University of British Columbia.

He was involved in the first identification and classification of sleep disorders and outlined protocols for the diagnosis and treatment of sleep apnea.

The Johns Hopkins University researcher’s work helped solidify the link between human papillomavirus and cervical cancer, leading to the approval of the HPV vaccine in 2006.

She conducted innovative research in mutagenesis and teratogenesis related to radiation and chemical exposures, identifying risks to fetuses.

He was the cofounder of the Hastings Center and wrote nearly 50 books on topics including abortion, aging, and medical progress.

He developed an MRI-based map of the human cortex, discovered genetic risk factors for neurodegenerative diseases, and wrote about his struggles with ALS.

Eaton studied morphology and growth during development at the Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics.

Frenkel investigated drug resistance in cancers and how vitamin B12 deficiency damages neurons.