The Rockefeller University neuroendocrinologist made landmark discoveries on how hormones affect brain structure.

The 58-year-old was best known for uncovering evidence of a link between pathogens and the neurodegenerative disease.

The physician-researcher laid the groundwork for genetic cloning and led the US Food and Drug Administration as the country faced the AIDS crisis in the 1980s.

The physician, toxicologist, and expert witness drew attention to health issues caused by radiation and toxic chemicals.

Bardin’s work helped lead to the development of long-acting contraceptive devices for women.

The Penn State University scientist was known for her work on fish’s perception of pain.

The University of Maryland, Baltimore County, neuroscientist was known for pioneering work on laughter, yawning, hiccupping, and tears.

The long-time Marine Biological Laboratory scientist was known for using his own hand-built microscopes to image the dynamics of live cells.

In addition to his work on widely-used techniques, the researcher was known for engineering crop plants.