The Challenger expedition's data on ocean temperatures and currents, seawater chemistry, life in the deep sea, and the geology of the seafloor spurred the rise of modern oceanography.

Scientists bring marine plankton back to life to study past climate change.

Former NOAA administrator and environmental scientist Jane Lunchenco discusses the importance of science in the face of climate change.

Data collected by elephant seals in Antarctic waters provide a closer look at the processes driving ocean circulation.

Irish researchers convert seals into remote oceanographic sensors by attaching tags containing temperature probes and other technologies to their heads.

See the volunteers and veterinarians who are helping to rehabilitate wayward penguins that wash up on the coast of Brazil.

Researchers are struggling to understand shifts in the migratory patterns of penguins in the Southwest Atlantic.

In his bathysphere, William Beebe plumbed the ocean to record-setting depths.

See how William Beebe and Otis Barton descended to the ocean's depths in an early submersible designed to allow access to the mysterious lifeforms inhabiting the deep sea.

Massive die-offs of just about every marine species millions of years ago are thought to have resulted from a surge of carbon dioxide.