From 1969 to 1988, 25,000 infants were born early each year as a result of hot weather, and with global warming pushing temperatures higher, more babies will be at risk for early birth.

Habits such as napping might influence how humans cope with extreme environments, such as those at a polar research facility in winter.

This newly described behavior occurs spontaneously, but can be modulated by food availability, temperature, and the size of the chambers.

During deep sleep, rhythmic pulses of cerebrospinal fluid are coupled with slow waves of electrical activity and fluctuating blood levels in the human brain.

The animals showed changes in both slow wave and rapid eye movement sleep.

Scientists previously thought cortical neurons remained silent during delta waves, but new evidence from rats shows some cells fire in a pattern reflective of memorizing a task.

“Short sleeper” mice engineered to have the same sequence in the gene sleep less but show the same performance on memory tests as animals that sleep a normal amount.

Changes in brain waves while snoozing correlate with accumulation of tau and amyloid-β, suggesting that the neural activity disruptions could clue doctors in to early development of the disease.

He was involved in the first identification and classification of sleep disorders and outlined protocols for the diagnosis and treatment of sleep apnea.