In the 1990s, the development of this gentler and more precise microscopy method improved scientists’ ability to probe neurons’ activity and anatomy.

Founder and CEO, Curable; Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Pittsburgh. Age: 35

Photon emissions in the brain are red-shifted in more-intelligent species, though scientists dispute what that means.

NSAIDs reduce this "parainflammation," hinting at how they help lower cancer risk.

Imaging and manipulating the brain has come a long way from electrodes and the patch clamp, though such traditional tools remain essential.

What researchers are learning as they sequence, map, and decode species’ genomes

Drosophila antennae let the insects seek out moisture levels they like best.

Neurons in the lamprey spinal cord can sense pH and counteract changes from the body’s optimal range.

The pollinators of a wild tobacco plant use the tip of their proboscis to determine whether they should stop for a drink.

Biogen’s aducanumab reduces amyloid-β plaques in a dose-dependent manner, according to interim results of a Phase 1b clinical trial.

An analysis of bone fractures in the famous hominid’s fossil remains suggest that she stretched out her arms to brace for a fall before she died.

The virus replicates in the vaginal tissue of pregnant mice and in the brains of their fetuses, researchers show.