Opinion: Why Most TBI Studies Fail

Thoughts on how to redesign clinical trials for traumatic brain injury

Written byDonald Stein
| 3 min read

Register for free to listen to this article
Listen with Speechify
0:00
3:00
Share

WIKIMEDIA, JAMES HEILMANWhen doctors are testing new drugs or treatments for diseases, randomized controlled clinical trials are considered the gold standard. But in my field of traumatic brain injury (TBI), this gold standard approach is not working. Over the last three decades, dozens of Phase 3 clinical trials evaluating TBI treatments have failed to provide solid evidence of patient benefit.

When a therapy reaches Phase 3 clinical trials, it has already been tested in animals and in early-stage human studies. Each and every TBI drug that has reached late-stage clinical trials has failed. This 100 percent failure rate represents a huge human and economic cost. Why is this happening?

It is possible that the drugs tested just don’t work. Alternatively, some treatments may have been helping patients, but they were tested in a format where the benefit was not discernible above statistical noise.

I believe clinical trials for TBI and other neurological disorders should be designed and conducted differently. My perspective is informed by watching progesterone therapy for TBI, an approach I have studied in animals for many years, progress into the clinical realm. But ...

Interested in reading more?

Become a Member of

The Scientist Logo
Receive full access to more than 35 years of archives, as well as TS Digest, digital editions of The Scientist, feature stories, and much more!
Already a member? Login Here
February 2026

A Stubborn Gene, a Failed Experiment, and a New Path

When experiments refuse to cooperate, you try again and again. For Rafael Najmanovich, the setbacks ultimately pushed him in a new direction.

View this Issue
Human-Relevant In Vitro Models Enable Predictive Drug Discovery

Advancing Drug Discovery with Complex Human In Vitro Models

Stemcell Technologies
Redefining Immunology Through Advanced Technologies

Redefining Immunology Through Advanced Technologies

Ensuring Regulatory Compliance in AAV Manufacturing with Analytical Ultracentrifugation

Ensuring Regulatory Compliance in AAV Manufacturing with Analytical Ultracentrifugation

Beckman Coulter Logo
Conceptual multicolored vector image of cancer research, depicting various biomedical approaches to cancer therapy

Maximizing Cancer Research Model Systems

bioxcell

Products

Sino Biological Logo

Sino Biological Pioneers Life Sciences Innovation with High-Quality Bioreagents on Inside Business Today with Bill and Guiliana Rancic

Sino Biological Logo

Sino Biological Expands Research Reagent Portfolio to Support Global Nipah Virus Vaccine and Diagnostic Development

Beckman Coulter

Beckman Coulter Life Sciences Partners with Automata to Accelerate AI-Ready Laboratory Automation

Refeyn logo

Refeyn named in the Sunday Times 100 Tech list of the UK’s fastest-growing technology companies