Low-intensity electrical stimulation allows older adults to better recall a list of words for at least a month following the treatment, a study finds, providing further evidence for the debated idea that electrical stimulation can enhance cognitive performance.

Researchers have discovered that the small structure is involved in language, emotion, and many other high-order brain processes.

Once thought of as a mere motor coordination center, the “little brain” is now appreciated as participating in higher neurological processes.

Bottlenose dolphins can recall trivial details of a prior event to later solve a novel task, a study finds, suggesting these mammals are capable of episodic memory.

Microbes in the gut influence the death of support cells in the brain by producing isoamylamine, a study suggests.

People who had cognitive functions depleted by noninvasive brain stimulation or a mentally demanding task could subconsciously recognize individual words in a made-up language more easily than controls, researchers find.

Scientists find that two species can be trained to distinguish quantities that vary by one.

A research group argues that a species’ number of neurons, rather than brain volume, should serve as indicator of cognitive capacity when studying brain evolution, but some experts voice doubts.

A study that transfused plasma from active to inactive mice suggests the protein clusterin enhances cognition.

In Chapter 1, “On Being,” author Antonio Damasio outlines the dawn of consciousness.

Kyoto University is shuttering its Primate Research Institute after its director was dismissed for misuse of funding.

His work bridged the gap between psychology and neurobiology.

Our perception of quantity, separate from counting or estimation of magnitude more generally, is foundational to human cognition, according to some neuroscientists.

Research in recent decades has explored how animals other than humans perceive different numbers of objects

Some nerve cells in the brains of macaques respond selectively to particular numbers, hinting at a specialized pathway for extracting information about numerical quantity.