Since their discovery in 2006, induced pluripotent stem cells have been poised to reprogram regenerative medicine. Twelve years on, here’s how far they’ve come.

Neurons derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells fill in for lost dopamine neurons in a primate model of the disease.

A small patch of engineered cells makes an enzyme that stimulates insulin release.

Genome fusion at stem graft junctions can generate new plant species.