Week in Review: September 22–26

Assessing PubPeer’s legal threat; how lengthy ICU stays impact the gut microbiome; gene links exercise to reduced depression risk; epigenetics of innate immunity; Ebola updates

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The lawyer of a pathologist threatening to sue PubPeer users said anonymous comments cost his client a job. PubPeer has also obtained legal counsel and is preparing for the possibility of a lawsuit.

ALEXANDER ZABORINLengthy stints in intensive care units alter the gut microflora, according to a study published in mBio this week (September 23). When a patient spends a long time in ICU, “the gut undergoes near-complete ecologic collapse,” study coauthor John Alverdy, a gastrointestinal surgeon and researcher at the University of Chicago’s Pritzker School of Medicine, told The Scientist.

WIKIMEDIA, CHRISTOPH BOCKMembers of the European BLUEPRINT initiative outlined pathways crucial to macrophage training in three epigenetic analyses published in Science this week (September 25). The researchers “did a very thorough transcriptomic and epigenomic analysis of these cells and . . . they uncover not just immunologic pathways, which would be expected, but also, interestingly, some metabolic pathways that may be important to the different immunologic phenotypes of these cells,” Ofer Levy of Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School who was not involved in the studies told The Scientist.

Without knowing how microbes in the soil contribute to atmospheric carbon, researchers are unclear how they impact—and are impacted by—climate change.

WIKIMEDIA, JEPOIRRIER (FLICKR)Researchers from the Karolinska Institute in Sweden pinpointed how a muscle gene associated with the metabolite kynurenine, which can cross the blood-brain barrier, relieves symptoms of depression in exercising mice. Their work was published in Cell this week (September 25).

“This is a very interesting study about the non-pharmacologic mechanisms of antidepressant action, a topic that’s not addressed very much,” neuroscientist ...

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