(See K.B. Karnauskas et al., “Paleoceanography of the eastern equatorial Pacific over the past 4 million years and the geologic origins of modern Galápagos upwelling,” Earth and Planetary Science Letters, doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2016.12.005, 2016.)
Image of the Day: Island Time
The region of the Galapagos Islands responsible for the archipelago's enormous biodiversity—and its eponymous tortoises—likely formed about 1.6 million years ago.

