
Winter 2022
Cell Matters
From eukaryote evolution to bacterial hijacking, researchers peer ever further into the building blocks of life
Features

The Long and Winding Road to Eukaryotic Cells

How Intracellular Bacteria Hijack Your Cells

2022 Top 10 Innovations
Scientist to Watch

Ankur Jain Explores RNA Aggregations in Neurodegenerative Disease
The MIT biologist studies how RNA molecules self-assemble and the role these accumulations may play in diseases such as ALS and Huntington’s.

Chantell Evans Tracks Mitochondrial Cleanup in Neurons
The Duke University cell biologist uses live-cell microscopy to reveal how brain cells rid themselves of damaged mitochondria and what goes wrong in neurodegenerative disease.
Notebook

Avian Deception More Widespread Than Previously Thought
The broken-wing display, in which birds fake being wounded to protect their nests from predators, is found across the avian phylogenetic tree, a study finds.

The Evolutionary Shaping of Modern Whales
A survey of more than 200 whale skulls has unveiled bursts of evolution over the past 50 million years.

Many Moths Speak Up to Ward Off Bats
A decade-long, multicontinent study suggests that acoustic defense strategies are more common among moths than previously imagined.

Inside the Project Trying to Save Datasets from Extinction
Researchers race to find ecological data kept on outdated media or in dusty backroom boxes—before they’re lost forever.
Critic at Large

Opinion: Eating Right to Avoid Catastrophe
The key to averting cataclysmic events, such as pandemics, climate change, and mass extinction of species, lies partly in what’s on our plates.

Opinion: The Problem with Researchers Hoarding Resources
For too long, some scientists have acted like Gollums of the ivory tower, guarding precious study sites, model organisms, and even entire fields of inquiry.
The Literature

New Gene Mutants Identified in Rare Motor Neuron Diseases
The discovery of gene variants in cases of hereditary spastic dysplasia could provide a diagnosis to affected families where no genetic cause could be found before.

Chytrid Fungus Deploys Varying Strategies to Infect Amphibians
The ability to activate different sets of genes has likely helped the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis spread widely in amphibians, resulting in global population declines.

Sweet Taste Receptors Regulate Proteins in Developing Fruit Flies
An unexpected find shows that sweet-sensing receptors also help epithelial cells in Drosophila larvae stay alive amid proteotoxic stress.

Fish Brain Region Size Correlates with Cognitive Flexibility
The relative sizes of specific parts of the guppy brain may explain why some fish are better at learning certain tasks than others.

Certain Tree Species Are More Susceptible to Death by Lightning
Expected increases in lightning strikes due to climate change could alter the botanical composition of tropical forests.
Reading Frames

Opinion: Biodiversity Loss Worsened by Extinguishing Animal Innovators
When species disappear, more than their genomes are lost. The potential for their creative innovation to benefit ecosystems vanishes as well.

Opinion: Are Cats Friends or Fiends?
In Pests: How Humans Create Animal Villains, I explore what it is that makes an animal a pest—and it has nothing to do with their behavior, but rather our own desires and beliefs about the natural world.
Modus Operandi

Expert JeWell-ry Designers
Analyzing organoids has proven slow and cumbersome for scientists. But a new technique may speed things up, producing 3D images of hundreds of organoids per hour.
Infographics

Infographic: Generating Hundreds of 3D Organoid Images per Hour
By modifying a technique used to image single cells, researchers have managed to generate a super-resolution 3D image of a complete organoid in just seven seconds.

Infographic: Evolutionary Leaps Leading to Modern Eukaryotes
A lot happened in the hundreds of millions years separating the first and last eukaryotic common ancestors, but when and how most features arose remains a mystery.

Infographic: Two Guppy Brain Regions May Help Them Learn Tasks
While guppies with larger optic lobes were champions at learning visual discrimination tasks, guppies with larger telencephalons fared better when researchers switched things up.

Infographic: How Immunology Can Influence Pregnancy Outcomes
Pregnancy-induced changes in the immune system are key to a successful birth. Understanding those changes could allow researchers to protect both mother and child.

Infographic: Intracellular Bacteria’s Tricks for Host Manipulation
Various microbes, including several human pathogens, hijack the cell’s skeleton, membranes, and protein-making machinery to make themselves at home.
Foundations

Trans Medicine, 1919
German physician and sexologist Magnus Hirschfeld founded a revolutionary clinic where transgender people could receive gender-affirming care, but he left behind a complicated medical and scientific legacy.

Diagrammatic War, 1858
Pioneering nurse Florence Nightingale had an eye for creating memorable graphics that helped convince the general population that including sanitation reforms as part of public health policy would save British soldiers’ lives.
Careers

Green Lab Initiatives Take Root Around the World
Scientists, students, and administrative staff are working to bring about a cultural shift to mitigate the impact of research on the environment.
Bio Business

Can “Gene Writing” Deliver What Gene Editing Can’t?
A biotech startup called Tessera Therapeutics has made a splash with its claims about the trademarked technology. Is the excitement justified?
Editorial

Insights Abound Even at Journey’s End
Although my time at The Scientist has drawn to a close, I am consistently surprised by science.