R. Allen Gardner, Who Taught Chimps to Sign, Dies at 91

Gardner famously claimed to have taught chimpanzees to communicate with people using American Sign Language by raising them as if they were human children.

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Trixie Gardner (left) and Allen Gardner (right) spend time interacting with Washoe (center).

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ABOVE: Trixie Gardner (left) and Allen Gardner (right) interact with Washoe.
COURTESY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NEVADA, RENO

Ethologist Robert Allen Gardner, who gained fame in the late 1960s for his work with a chimpanzee named Washoe, died on August 20 at the Reno ranch where much of his research was conducted. He and his wife were best known for teaching sign language to chimpanzees. He was 91.

Gardner was born February 21, 1930, in Brooklyn, New York. An obituary from the University of Nevada, Reno (UNR) states that his parents worked for a bootlegger during prohibition. As a baby, his mom and dad would bring him on deliveries, as a nice, young family out together was not likely to arouse suspicion. According to the obit, Gardner delighted in telling the story of his early life of crime to friends.

In 1950, Gardner graduated with a degree in linguistics from New ...

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Meet the Author

  • Lisa Winter

    Lisa Winter became social media editor for The Scientist in 2017. In addition to her duties on social media platforms, she also pens obituaries for the website. She graduated from Arizona State University, where she studied genetics, cell, and developmental biology.
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