The Nobel laureate’s discoveries led to a treatment for Parkinson’s disease.

The UCLA researcher was lauded for figuring out how ATP synthase works.

The Nobel laureate was the first to identify an enzyme moving material across the cell membrane.

The physician-scientist recruited future Nobel Prize winners to build the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas into a first-rate institution. 

Günter Blobel, known for his work on the signal hypothesis of protein targeting, has died from cancer at age 81.

The scientist was a member of a stem cell research team led by Nobel laureate Shinya Yamanaka. 

Steven Chu, the president-elect of the scientific organization, is a Nobel laureate and physicist at Stanford University.

The scientific community bid farewell to a number of luminaries this year. 

Among this year’s winners are a geneticist who revealed how plants respond to shade and a group of physicists who mapped the universe’s background radiation.

Fifty years ago, Arthur Kornberg announced to reporters that his team had synthesized functional DNA.