Researchers have discovered that the small structure is involved in language, emotion, and many other high-order brain processes.

Once thought of as a mere motor coordination center, the “little brain” is now appreciated as participating in higher neurological processes.

Performing complex cognitive tasks leads to glutamate accumulating in a key region of the brain, a study finds, which could explain why mental labor is so exhausting.

A research group argues that a species’ number of neurons, rather than brain volume, should serve as indicator of cognitive capacity when studying brain evolution, but some experts voice doubts.

The surprising finding comes courtesy of two study participants with implanted electrode arrays that record activity at single-neuron resolution.

An analysis of the contours of more than 600 kids’ brains points to links between cerebral surface area and heritability in regions of the brain important in cognition.  

Aggressive little marine predators, mantis shrimps possess a mushroom body that appears identical to the one found in insects.

Preliminary research suggests that the brains of schizophrenia patients may regain tissue mass as the illness wears on.

First described in the late 19th century, then lost from the literature for more than 100 years, the vertical occipital fasciculus appears to be important in visual processing.

Once dominated by correlational studies, face-perception research is moving into the realm of experimentation—and gaining tremendous insight.

Ron Blackwell helps neuroscientists map the circuitry of face perception by letting them stimulate his brain with electricity.

Scientist to Watch, Takaki Komiyama, discusses his use of chronic two-photon calcium imaging to explore how wakefulness and experience shape odor representations in the mouse olfactory bulb.

Studying handedness in chimps may shed light on the mysterious trait in humans.