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The unjust killings of George Floyd, Breonna Taylor, and Ahmaud Arbery, amplified by the health disparities of the COVID-19 pandemic and the ethnic disparities of the political climate, have shined a spotlight on historical and ongoing institutional racism in America. Many professional scientific organizations, such as the American Association for the Advancement of Science, March For Science, the Society for the Study of Evolution, Society for Neuroscience, and Sigma Xi have published statements opposing it. But statements have little impact unless actions result from them. Determining the most effective actions requires understanding the concept of institutional racism.
Institutional racism means that established structures within a society are infused with racial/racist ideology and practices. This includes the “enterprise” of science, which can be separated from the “method” of science. The scientific method is an objective means to better understand nature, whereas the scientific enterprise is a reflection ...